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Willingness to Pay (WTP) for COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose and Its Determinants in Indonesia

Harapan H 1 , Sallam M 2 , Fathima R 1 , Kusuma HI 1 , Anwar S 3 , Nalapraya WY 4 Show all authors , Wibowo A 5 , Kumara Wati KD 6 , Medina A 1 , Defrita AH 7 , Astri Y 8 , Prasetyowati A 9 , Nurfarahin N 1 , Khusna A 1 , Oktariana S 1 , Anwar S 10 , Yussar MO 11 , Khotimah S 12 , Maria Nainggolan BW 13 , Amalia Badri PR 14 , Argarini R 15 , Winardi W 16 , Sharun K 17 , Indah R 18 , Rajamoorthy Y 19 , Wagner AL 20 , Mudatsir M 1

Affiliations 

  • 1 Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
  • 2 Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
  • 3 Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
  • 4 Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Medical Faculty of Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung 40116, Indonesia
  • 5 Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Lampung, Bandar Lampung 35145, Indonesia
  • 6 Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Denpasar 80234, Indonesia
  • 7 Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jambi, Jambi 36373, Indonesia
  • 8 Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang, Palembang 30263, Indonesia
  • 9 Mungkid Community Health Center, Magelang 56512, Indonesia
  • 10 Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tadulako University, Palu 94148, Indonesia
  • 11 Public Health Faculty, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh 23245, Indonesia
  • 12 Biochemistry Laboratory, Medical Faculty of Mulawarman University, Samarinda 75119, Indonesia
  • 13 Undergraduate Program in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia
  • 14 Public Health Department, Medical Faculty of Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang, Palembang 30263, Indonesia
  • 15 Department of Medical Physiology and Biochemistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia
  • 16 Department of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
  • 17 Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, India
  • 18 Medical Education Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
  • 19 Department of Economics, Faculty of Accountancy and Management, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
  • 20 Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
Infect Dis Rep, 2022 Dec 11;14(6):1017-1032.
PMID: 36547247 DOI: 10.3390/idr14060101

Abstract

Willingness to pay (WTP) for booster doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is an under studied research topic. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the WTP for the booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines and its predictors in Indonesia using an online survey distributed all over the provinces of this low-middle-income country. The WTP was evaluated using a basic dichotomous contingent valuation approach, and its associated determinants were evaluated using a linear regression model. Out of 2935 responders, 66.2% (1942/2935) were willing to pay for a booster dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The majority of respondents (63.5%) were willing to pay within a price range of 100,000-500,000 Indonesian rupiah (IDR), i.e., USD 6.71-33.57. Being older than 40 years, having a higher educational level, having a higher income, knowing and understanding that booster doses were important, and having a vaccine status that is certified halal (permissible in Islamic law), were all associated with a higher WTP for the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccines. The study findings imply that the WTP for a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination in Indonesia is lower compared to acceptance of vaccines provided free of charge. This WTP data can be utilized to develop a pricing scheme for the booster doses of COVID-19 vaccination in the country with potential benefits in other low-income countries. The government may be required to provide subsidies for the herd immunity vaccination process to proceed as anticipated. Furthermore, the public community must be educated on the importance of vaccination as well as the fact that the COVID-19 epidemic is far from being over.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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