Dataset of acute oral toxicity and subacute neurotoxicity risk assessments of flavonoid-enriched fraction extracted from Oroxylum Indicum on Sprague Dawley rats

Oroxylum indicum is a medicinal herb that garnered enormous attention in drug discovery for human diseases such as neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, arthritis and hepatitis diseases. Pharmacokinetic study confirmed that the pharmacological actions of this herb are associated with its prominent flavonoid bioactive components. Here, the data set of liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), neurological functions, relative organ weight (ROW), hematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters of flavonoid-enriched fraction (FEF)-treated Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were presented. The data set was generated from three study groups namely: Sighting Study, Acute Toxicity Study and Subacute Neurotoxicity Study with study duration of 14 days (for Sighting Study and Acute Toxicity Study) and 28 days (for Subacute Neurotoxicity Study) by strictly following the procedures set in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guidelines 420 and 424 in vivo. Rats in sighting study were treated with dosage of 5, 50, 300 and 2000 mg/kg FEF (n = 1/dosage/gender), respectively, and were observed for mortality, toxicity signs and behavioural changes. The highest dosage at which none of the animal showed sign of mortality in the sighting study was selected as the test dosage for subsequent acute toxicity study (n = 5/dosage/gender). Meanwhile, for subacute neurotoxicity study, SD rats (n = 5/dosage/gender) were treated with repeated dosage of 50 mg/kg for 28 days. Neurological behaviours of treated rats were observed daily, while their body weight were measured weekly. Whole blood was collected at the end of the study via cardiac puncture into ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes for hematological evaluation that included the measurements of red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volumes (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet, white blood cells (WBC) count and WBC differentials. Meanwhile, blood serum were collected into slow sand filter (SST) tubes for biochemical evaluation that included measurements of total protein (TP), albumin, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Vital organs such as brain, liver, kidneys, heart, lungs and reproductive organs also were collected, sliced and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) at the end of the study for histopathological assessments.