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Molecular characterization and geographical distribution of Zika virus worldwide from 1947 to 2022

Noisumdaeng P 1 , Dangsagul W 2 , Sangsiriwut K 3 , Prasertsopon J 2 , Changsom D 4 , Yoksan S 5 Show all authors , Ajawatanawong P 6 , Buathong R 7 , Puthavathana P 8

Affiliations 

  • 1 Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand; Thammasat University Research Unit in Modern Microbiology and Public Health Genomics, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
  • 2 Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
  • 3 Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
  • 4 Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
  • 5 Center for Vaccine Development, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
  • 6 Office of Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
  • 7 Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
  • 8 Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand. Electronic address: pilaipan.put@mahidol.edu
Int J Infect Dis, 2023 Nov;136:5-10.
PMID: 37652092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.08.023

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: We conducted molecular characterization, demonstrated the geographical distribution of Zika virus (ZIKV) circulating worldwide from 1947 to 2022 and explored the potential genetic recombination site in the Thailand ZIKV genomes.

METHODS: We constructed phylogenetic trees based on ZIKV coding sequences (CDS) and determined the geographical distribution of the representative viruses by genetic relationship and timeline. We determined genetic recombination among ZIKV and between ZIKV and other flaviviruses using similarity plot and bootscan analyzes, together with the phylogeny encompassing the CDS and eight subgenomic regions.

RESULTS: The phylogenetic trees comprising 717 CDS showed two distinct African and Asian lineages. ZIKV in the African lineage formed two sublineages, and ZIKV in the Asian lineage diversified into the Asian and American sublineages. The 1966 Malaysian isolate was designated the prototype of the Asian sublineage and formed a node of only one member, while the newer viruses formed a distinct node. We detected no genetic recombination in the Thailand ZIKV.

CONCLUSION: Five Thailand isolates discovered in 2006 were the second oldest ZIKV after the Malaysian prototype. Our result suggested two independent routes of ZIKV spread from Southeast Asia to Micronesia in 2007 and French Polynesia in 2013 before further spreading to South American countries.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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