The associations between whole grain, sugar and nutrients intakes in schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study

Koo HC 1 , Lim GP 2 , Kaur S 3 , Chan KQ 2

Affiliations 

  • 1 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. koohc@tarc.edu.my
  • 2 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 3 Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
BMC Nutr, 2023 Dec 08;9(1):144.
PMID: 38066580 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-023-00807-9

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Whole grains have gained extensive attention for their contribution to optimal diet quality in the child population. However, little is known about the association between whole grain and sugar intakes. This study aimed to determine whole grain intake and its associations with sugar and other nutrients intakes in schoolchildren.

METHODS: A total of 415 healthy Malaysian schoolchildren aged 9-12 years were recruited in this cross-sectional study, through cluster random sampling. Nutrient and sugar intakes were assessed using 3-day 24-hour diet recalls. Whole grain intake was assessed using a validated whole grain food frequency questionnaire.

RESULTS: In these 415 children (9.4-12.7 years), a total of 24 of them have been excluded due to over- and under-reported their dietary intake. Ultimate sample size was 391 children. Overall, consumption of whole grain, fiber, calcium and B vitamins were lower than the recommended intake. However, children consumed protein sufficiently. Whole grain intake was a significant predictor of calorie (β = 0.1011; p 

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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