Affiliations 

  • 1 Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Pre University department, INTI International College Subang, No. 3, Jalan SS15/8, Ss 15, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
  • 3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
  • 4 Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Campus C, Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia. Electronic address: leehweivoon@um.edu.my
Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 Feb;257(Pt 2):128696.
PMID: 38072349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128696

Abstract

This study focuses on the preparation of mangosteen rind-derived nanocellulose via green ascorbic acid hydrolysis. Subsequently, milk protein-grafted nanocellulose particles were developed as a renewable Pickering emulsifier for water-oil stabilization. The stabilizing efficiency of modified nanocellulose (NC-S) at different caseinate (milk protein) concentrations (1.5, 3.0, and 4.0 % w/v) was tested in a water-in-oil emulsion (W/O ratio of 40:60). At a concentration 3.0 % w/v of caseinate (3.0NC-S), the emulsion exhibited a stronger network of adsorption between water, Pickering emulsifier, and oil. This resulted in reduced oil droplet flocculation, increased stability over a longer period, and favorable emulsifying properties, as depicted in the creaming index profile, oil droplet distribution, and rheology analysis. Since 3.0NC-S demonstrated the best colloidal stability, further focus will be placed on its microstructural properties, comparing them with those of mangosteen rind (MG), cellulose, and nanocellulose (NC-L). The XRD profile indicated that both NC-L and NC-S possessed a cellulose nanocrystal structure characterized as type I beta with a high crystallinity index above 60 %. Morphology investigation shown that the NC-L present in the spherical shape of particles with nanosized ranging at diameters of 11.27 ± 0.50 nm and length 11.76 ± 0.46 nm, while modified NC-S showed increase sized at 14.26 ± 4.60 nm and length 14.96 ± 4.94 nm. The increment of particle sizes from NC-L to NC-S indicated 2.82 × 10-15 mg/m2 of surface protein coverage by caseinate functional groups.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.