1 Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia norli.abdullah@upnm.edu.my
2 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka Malaysia
3 Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Kem Perdana Sungai Besi 57000 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia