Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Mathematics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
  • 2 Department of Statistics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
  • 3 Department of Computer Science, Bahria University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
  • 4 Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Nanotechnology, 2024 Apr 09;35(26).
PMID: 38522098 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad373d

Abstract

In industrial and engineering fields including lamination, melt-spinning, continuous casting, and fiber spinning, the flow caused by a continually moving surface is significant. Therefore, the problem of ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over a moving surface is studied. This study explores the stability and statistical analyses of the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) forced flow of the ternary hybrid nanofluid with melting heat transfer phenomena. The impacts of viscous dissipation, Joule heating, and thermal radiation are also included in the flow. Different fluids including ternary hybrid nanofluid, hybrid nanofluids, and nanofluids with base fluid ethylene glycol (EG) are examined and compared, where magnetite (Fe3O4) and silica (SiO2) are taken as the magnetic nanomaterials while silver (Ag) is chosen as the nonmagnetic nanomaterial. The skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number are estimated through regression analysis. By employing similarity transformations, the governing partial differential equations are converted into non-linear ordinary differential equations. Then, the least square method is applied to solve the equations analytically. Dual solutions are established in a particular range of moving parameterλ. Due to this, a stability test is implemented to find the stable solution by using the bvp4c function in MATLAB software. It is found that the first solution is the stable one while the second is unstable. The use of ternary hybrid nanomaterials improves the heat transport rate. The increasing values of the Eckert number enlarge the heat passage. The fluid velocity and temperature profiles for nonmagnetic nanomaterials are higher than that of magnetic nanomaterials. The uniqueness and originality of this study stems from the fact that, to the best of the authors' knowledge, it is the first to use this combination technique.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.