Affiliations 

  • 1 Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia. ahmad.jagaba@kfupm.edu.sa
  • 2 Interdisciplinary Research Centre for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, 31261, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
  • 3 Faculty of Engineering, UNICAF University, Larnaca, Cyprus
  • 4 Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, 31451, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  • 5 Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, P.M.B., 5001, Katsina State, Nigeria
  • 6 Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hafr Al Batin, P.O. Box 1803, 39524, Hafr Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
  • 7 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
  • 8 HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
Environ Geochem Health, 2024 Jul 19;46(9):333.
PMID: 39026137 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02122-z

Abstract

Dye decolorization through biological treatment techniques has been gaining momentum as it is based on suspended and attached growth biomass in both batch and continuous modes. Hence, this review focused on the contribution of moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) in dye removal. MBBR have been demonstrated to be an excellent technology for pollution extraction, load shock resistance, and equipment size and energy consumption reduction. The review went further to highlight different biocarrier materials for biofilm development this review identified biochar as an innovative and environmentally friendly material produced through the application of different kinds of reusable or recyclable wastes and biowastes. Biochar as a carbonized waste biomass could be a better competitor and environmentally friendly substitute to activated carbon given its lower mass costs. Biochar can be easily produced particularly in rural locations where there is an abundance of biomass-based trash. Given that circular bioeconomy lowers dependency on natural resources by turning organic wastes into an array of useful products, biochar empowers the creation of competitive goods. Thus, biochar was identified as a novel, cost-effective, and long-term management strategy since it brings about several essential benefits, including food security, climate change mitigation, biodiversity preservation, and sustainability improvement. This review concludes that integrating two treatment methods could greatly lead to better color, organic matter, and nutrients removal than a single biological MBBR treatment process.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.