Prevalence of peripheral arterial disease among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus in India - A systematic review and meta-analysis

Arora E 1 , Regan R 2 , Surendra VU 3 , Arumugam A 4

Affiliations 

  • 1 School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Health Professions, AIMST University, Kedah, 08100, Malaysia. Electronic address: eshampt@gmail.com
  • 2 School of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Health Professions, AIMST University, Kedah, 08100, Malaysia. Electronic address: rajareganpt@gmail.com
  • 3 Department of Respiratory Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya Deemed to be University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: vyshusurendra1303@gmail.com
  • 4 Department of Physiotherapy, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Neuromusculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Group, RIMHS-Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Sustainable Engineering Asset Management Research Group, RISE-Research Institute of Sciences and Engineering, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box: 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Adjunct Faculty, Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: ashokanpt@gmail.com
Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2024 Sep;18(9):103124.
PMID: 39326343 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2024.103124

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a prevalent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). As India ranks second in the population afflicted by T2DM, and the objective of this systematic review was to estimate the pooled prevalence of PAD in individuals living with T2DM in India.

METHODS: Five databases (Cochrane (CENTRAL), MEDLINE (via PubMed), CINAHL (via EBSCO), PEDro, and Scopus) were searched using database-specific search terms from inception to August 2023. Inclusion criteria included studies reporting the prevalence of PAD in Indian adults diagnosed with T2DM of either or both sexes, employing ankle brachial index measurements with a Doppler test or sphygmomanometer. The risk of bias was evaluated using the JBI checklist, and the certainty of evidence was determined via the GRADE approach.

RESULTS: Twenty-three articles met the inclusion criteria which comprised of 196,883 individuals with T2DM aged between 30 and 70 years from nine states and one union territory. Utilizing a random effects model, the meta-analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of PAD among individuals with T2DM in India was 18 % (95 % confidence interval: 10-28 %), with statistically significant heterogeneity observed between studies (I2 = 100 %, P 

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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