Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Computer System & Technology, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 2 Department of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 3 Department of Computer Sciences and Engineering, College of Applied Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 4 Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
  • 5 Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Applied Studies and Community Services, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 6 Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
  • 7 Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
PeerJ Comput Sci, 2024;10:e2422.
PMID: 39650347 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.2422

Abstract

Federated learning (FL) is a popular method where edge devices work together to train machine learning models. This study introduces an efficient network for analyzing healthcare records. It uses VPN technology and applies a federated learning approach over a wireless backhaul network. The study compares different wireless backhaul channels, including terahertz (THz), E/V band (mmWave), and microwave, for their effectiveness. We looked closely at a suggested FL network that uses VPN technology over awireless backhaul network. We compared it with the standard method and found that using the FedAvg algorithm with Terahertz (THz) for communication gave the best accuracy. The time it took to reach a conclusion improved a lot, going from 55 seconds to an impressive 38 seconds. This emphasizes how having a faster communication link makes FL networks work much better. Furthermore, a three-step plan was executed to boost security, adopting a multi-layered method to safeguard the FL network and its confidential data. The first step involves integrating a private network into the current telecom infrastructure, establishing an initial layer of security. To enhance security further, licensed frequency channels are introduced, providing an extra layer of protection. The highest level of security is achieved by combining a private network with licensed frequency channels, complemented by an additional layer of security through VPN-based measures. This comprehensive strategy ensures the application of strong security protocols.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.