Affiliations 

  • 1 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Chemcial Engineering, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Skudai, 81310, Skudai, MALAYSIA
  • 2 Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Skudai, 81310, Skudai, MALAYSIA
  • 3 University of Glasgow, School of Infection & Immunity, Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
  • 4 Bandung Institute of Technology: Institut Teknologi Bandung, Industrial Engineering, Jalan Ganesha, 40191, Bandung, INDONESIA
Chem Biodivers, 2025 Mar 12.
PMID: 40071492 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202403451

Abstract

Ensuring access to safe water and public health necessitates sensitive, quick, and dependable detection instruments. Conventional techniques frequently have prolonged detection durations, intricate processes, and the requirement for skilled staff. Biosensors augmented with nanomaterials provide enhanced sensitivity, specificity, and rapid detection of waterborne pathogens. This review rigorously examines current developments in paper-based nano-biosensors, emphasizing their detection ranges, limits of detection, and fundamental principles. It underscores the pivotal function of nanomaterials in augmenting biosensor efficacy, especially in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, and longevity. Different biosensor technologies are analyzed, highlighting their specific benefits and drawbacks in the detection of waterborne illnesses. The paper examines the significant obstacles in converting proof-of-concept biosensors into commercial devices, such as durability, cost-efficiency, and scalability. Proposed solutions strive to surmount these obstacles, seeking to connect laboratory advancements with practical applications. This work offers significant insights for researchers, professionals, and policymakers engaged in water quality monitoring. It underscores the necessity for more research to enhance biosensor technologies, mitigate current limits, and expedite the production of effective, market-ready biosensors for the protection of public health via dependable detection of waterborne pathogens.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.