The correlation of caloric intake from sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk in Indonesia

Among the concerning commercial practices are those related to sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), which offer little nutritional value and contribute to energy-dense diets. Excessive SSB consumption is associated with obesity, a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). The rise in SSB consumption in Indonesia, driven by commercial factors, increases the risk of T2DM and related health burdens. This study aims to investigate SSB consumption patterns, caloric intake, and socio-demographic characteristics affecting T2DM prevalence, using probit regression estimates based on National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) 2018 and Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2018. The sample size comprises 699,959 individuals, with the unit of analysis focused on individual health outcomes. Our descriptive result implies that 76.49 % incurred expenses on at least one type of SSB in the past week. Ready-to-drink beverages were the most frequently consumed, while factory-produced liquid milk had the lowest average consumption. Probit regression analysis indicated that higher SSB caloric consumption significantly increased the probability of a T2DM diagnosis. This study underscores the need for targeted interventions to reduce SSB consumption and address T2DM risk factors, especially among higher-income households and specific regions.