The use of adenosine deaminase activity as a biochemical marker for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis

The diagnostic value of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity was studied to evaluate its use in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in the local setting. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 119 patients with meningitis and other conditions with central nervous system symptoms were collected and ADA activity determined by the colorimetric method of Guisti read at 628 nm. The CSF was also subjected to other laboratory examinations so as to provide the aetiological diagnosis. All 14 tuberculous meningitis patients had ADA activity greater than the cut off value of 9.0 IU/L. High ADA activity was also seen in 13 of 105 non-tuberculous cases giving a specificity of 87.6%. Even though the ADA activity determination is sensitive for tuberculosis, it was not specific enough to be used as a rapid diagnostic test. However when interpreted together with clinical signs and symptoms and other laboratory tests, it is a useful adjunctive rapid marker for tuberculosis.