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WSES guidelines for management of Clostridium difficile infection in surgical patients

Sartelli M 1 , Malangoni MA 2 , Abu-Zidan FM 3 , Griffiths EA 4 , Di Bella S 5 , McFarland LV 6 Show all authors , Eltringham I 7 , Shelat VG 8 , Velmahos GC 9 , Kelly CP 10 , Khanna S 11 , Abdelsattar ZM 12 , Alrahmani L 13 , Ansaloni L 14 , Augustin G 15 , Bala M 16 , Barbut F 17 , Ben-Ishay O 18 , Bhangu A 19 , Biffl WL 20 , Brecher SM 21 , Camacho-Ortiz A 22 , Caínzos MA 23 , Canterbury LA 24 , Catena F 25 , Chan S 26 , Cherry-Bukowiec JR 27 , Clanton J 28 , Coccolini F 14 , Cocuz ME 29 , Coimbra R 30 , Cook CH 31 , Cui Y 32 , Czepiel J 33 , Das K 34 , Demetrashvili Z 35 , Di Carlo I 36 , Di Saverio S 37 , Dumitru IM 38 , Eckert C 39 , Eckmann C 40 , Eiland EH 41 , Enani MA 42 , Faro M 43 , Ferrada P 44 , Forrester JD 45 , Fraga GP 46 , Frossard JL 47 , Galeiras R 48 , Ghnnam W 49 , Gomes CA 50 , Gorrepati V 51 , Ahmed MH 52 , Herzog T 53 , Humphrey F 54 , Kim JI 55 , Isik A 56 , Ivatury R 44 , Lee YY 57 , Juang P 58 , Furuya-Kanamori L 59 , Karamarkovic A 60 , Kim PK 61 , Kluger Y 18 , Ko WC 62 , LaBarbera FD 51 , Lee JG 63 , Leppaniemi A 64 , Lohsiriwat V 65 , Marwah S 66 , Mazuski JE 67 , Metan G 68 , Moore EE 20 , Moore FA 69 , Nord CE 70 , Ordoñez CA 71 , Júnior GA 72 , Petrosillo N 5 , Portela F 73 , Puri BK 74 , Ray A 54 , Raza M 75 , Rems M 76 , Sakakushev BE 77 , Sganga G 78 , Spigaglia P 79 , Stewart DB 80 , Tattevin P 81 , Timsit JF 82 , To KB 27 , Tranà C 83 , Uhl W 53 , Urbánek L 84 , van Goor H 85 , Vassallo A 86 , Zahar JR 87 , Caproli E 88 , Viale P 89

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Surgery, Macerata Hospital, Via Santa Lucia 2, 62019 Macerata, Italy
  • 2 American Board of Surgery, Philadelphia, USA
  • 3 Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
  • 4 Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
  • 5 2nd Infectious Diseases Division, National Institute for Infectious Diseases L. Spallanzani, Rome, Italy
  • 6 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Washington, USA
  • 7 Department of Medical Microbiology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
  • 8 Department of Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
  • 9 Emergency Surgery, and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
  • 10 Gastroenterology Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
  • 11 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
  • 12 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
  • 13 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
  • 14 General Surgery I, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy
  • 15 Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb and School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
  • 16 Trauma and Acute Care Surgery Unit, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
  • 17 UHLIN (Unité d'Hygiène et de Lutte contre les Infections Nosocomiales) National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile Groupe Hospitalier de l'Est Parisien (HUEP), Paris, France
  • 18 Department of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
  • 19 Academic Department of Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
  • 20 Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, USA
  • 21 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury MA and BU School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
  • 22 Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Dr.José E. González, Monterrey, Mexico
  • 23 Department of Surgery, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
  • 24 Department of Pathology, University of Alberta Edmonton, Edmonton, AB Canada
  • 25 Emergency Surgery Department, Maggiore Parma Hospital, Parma, Italy
  • 26 Department of General Surgery, Medway Maritime Hospital, Gillingham Kent, UK
  • 27 Department of Surgery, Division of Acute Care Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI USA
  • 28 Department of Surgery, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Summa Akron City Hospital, Akron, OH USA
  • 29 Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Infectious Diseases Hospital, Brasov, Romania
  • 30 Division of Trauma, Surgical Critical Care, Burns, and Acute Care Surgery, University of California San Diego Health Science, San Diego, USA
  • 31 Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
  • 32 Department of Surgery,Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Nankai Clinical School of Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
  • 33 Department of Infectious Diseases, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Kraków, Poland
  • 34 Department of General Surgery, Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital, Adana, Turkey
  • 35 Department of Surgery, Tbilisi State Medical University, Kipshidze Central University Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia
  • 36 Department of Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
  • 37 Trauma Surgery Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy
  • 38 Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Ovidius University, Constanta, Romania
  • 39 National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
  • 40 Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Klinikum Peine, Hospital of Medical University Hannover, Peine, Germany
  • 41 Vital Care, Inc, Meridian, MS USA
  • 42 Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • 43 Department of General Surgery, Trauma and Emergency Surgery Division, ABC Medical School, Santo André, SP Brazil
  • 44 Division of Trauma, Critical Care and Emergency Surgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA USA
  • 45 Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
  • 46 Division of Trauma Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
  • 47 Service of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Geneva University Hospital, Genève, Switzerland
  • 48 Critical Care Unit, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Sergas, Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
  • 49 Department of Surgery Mansoura, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  • 50 Surgery Department, Hospital Universitario (HU) Terezinha de Jesus da Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas e da Saude de Juiz de Fora (SUPREMA), Hospital Universitario (HU) Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz de Fora, Brazil
  • 51 Department of Internal Medicine, Pinnacle Health Hospital, Harrisburg, PA USA
  • 52 Department of Medicine, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire UK
  • 53 Department of Surgery, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
  • 54 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA USA
  • 55 Department of Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
  • 56 General Surgery Department, Erzincan University Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital, Erzincan, Turkey
  • 57 School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Kelantan Malaysia
  • 58 Department of Pharmacy Practice, St Louis College of Pharmacy, St Louis, MO USA
  • 59 Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT Australia
  • 60 Clinic For Emergency surgery, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  • 61 General and Trauma Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, North Bronx Healthcare Network, Bronx, NY USA
  • 62 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
  • 63 Division of Critical Care & Trauma Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
  • 64 Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital Meilahti, Helsinki, Finland
  • 65 Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
  • 66 Department of Surgery, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, India
  • 67 Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, USA
  • 68 Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
  • 69 Department of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA
  • 70 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
  • 71 Department of Surgery, Fundación Valle del Lili, Hospital Universitario del Valle, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
  • 72 Emergency Surgery and Trauma Unit, Department of Surgery, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
  • 73 Gastroenterology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
  • 74 Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital and Imperial College London, London, UK
  • 75 Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Milton Keynes University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire UK
  • 76 Department of Abdominal and General Surgery, General Hospital Jesenice, Jesenice, Slovenia
  • 77 Department of Surgery, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
  • 78 Division of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
  • 79 Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
  • 80 Department of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, PA USA
  • 81 Infectious Diseases and Intensive Care Unit, Pontchaillou University Hospital, Rennes, France
  • 82 AP-HP Bichat hospital, Medical and infectious diseases ICU, Paris, France
  • 83 Emergency Medicine and Surgery, Macerata hospital, Macerata, Italy
  • 84 1st Surgical Clinic, University Hospital of St. Ann Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
  • 85 Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
  • 86 Infection Prevention/Epidemiology, Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA USA
  • 87 Infection Control Unit, Angers University, CHU d'Angers, Angers, France
  • 88 Department of Surgery, Ancona University Hospital, Ancona, Italy
  • 89 Clinic of Infectious Diseases, St Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
World J Emerg Surg, 2015;10:38.
PMID: 26300956 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-015-0033-6

Abstract

In the last two decades there have been dramatic changes in the epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), with increases in incidence and severity of disease in many countries worldwide. The incidence of CDI has also increased in surgical patients. Optimization of management of C difficile, has therefore become increasingly urgent. An international multidisciplinary panel of experts prepared evidenced-based World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines for management of CDI in surgical patients.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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