History and Current Status of Cardiac Anesthesia in Singapore

Phoon PHY 1 , MacLaren G 2 , Ti LK 3 , Tan JSK 4 , Hwang NC 5

Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Anaesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia, National Heart Centre, Singapore
  • 2 Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, National University Heart Centre, Singapore
  • 3 Department of Anaesthesia, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
  • 4 Department of Paediatric Anaesthesia, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
  • 5 Department of Anaesthesiology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore; Department of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesia, National Heart Centre, Singapore. Electronic address: hwang.nian.chih@singhealth.com.sg
J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth, 2019 Dec;33(12):3394-3401.
PMID: 30131218 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.07.018

Abstract

Singapore is a small Southeast Asian island city-state located at the tip of the Malay peninsula with a population of 5.61 million people. It was a former British colony that went on to become a part of Malaysia before gaining independence in 1965. Since then, Singapore has developed tremendously from a small fishing village into the region's medical hub. This article will explore the roots of cardiac anesthesia in Singapore and how it has developed into a subspecialty today.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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