Identification and characterization of Ageratum yellow vein Malaysia virus (AYVMV) and an associated betasatellite among begomoviruses infecting Solanum lycopersicum in Malaysia

The study describes results of a survey of tomato fields for the presence of begomoviruses from different regions of Peninsular Malaysia. An ORF-based (C2 and C3) study was performed to determine the distribution of begomoviruses associated with a severe leaf curl disease in tomato-growing areas of Peninsular Malaysia. Viral DNA was isolated from symptomatic tomato plants, and begomovirus association was confirmed by PCR using DNA-A degenerate primers. The C2 and C3 sequences of the putative begomoviruses were similar to two corresponded ORFs of different geographically separated strains of begomoviruses: Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus and Tomato yellow leaf curl Kanchanaburi virus. The present study also identified a unique isolate, Ageratum yellow vein Malaysia virus (AYVMV) among above mentioned survey. It has a single-stranded DNA component and its associated betasatellite. The single-stranded DNA component is consisting of 2750 nt with six open reading frames and an organization resembling that of monopartite geminiviruses. The full length of viral single-stranded DNA component genome obtained using next generation sequencing (NGS) showed the highest sequence identity (99%) with Ageratum yellow vein virus (AYVV-BA). The betasatellite component genome obtained by NGS has 1342 nt and showed the highest sequence identity (91%) with the Pepper yellow leaf curl betasatellite. Following ICTV guidelines, Ageratum yellow vein Malaysia virus was assigned the abbreviation AYVMV with sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicating that it might have evolved by recombination of two or more viral ancestors.