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Fulltext Designing a new magnetic g-C3N4 nanocatalyst based on Ag nanoparticles supported by β-cyclodextrin for effective reduction of nitroaromatic compounds

Rostami S, Yahyazadeh A, Adibi H

Sci Rep, 2024 Dec 30;14(1):31586.
PMID: 39738240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-76786-z

In this study, we present the synthesis of a silver nanocomposite by utilizing a β-cyclodextrin (βCD) polymer anchored onto the surface of magnetic g-C3N4 (referred to as g-C3N4-Fe3O4/βCD-Ag). The structure and composition of the g-C3N4-Fe3O4/βCD-Ag nanocomposite were thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including FT-IR, FE-SEM-EDS, TEM, TGA, XRD, ICP, and VSM. This catalytic system exhibited excellent selectivity in reducing nitro groups, even in the presence of other reactive functional groups, resulting in high yields ranging from 85 to 98%. Moreover, the organometallic nanocatalyst could be easily recovered from the solution using an external magnet and demonstrated consistent catalytic activity over six consecutive runs with a slight decrease.
Design and Evaluation of Curcumin-Derived Aldopentose Compounds: Unlocking their Antidiabetic Potential through Integrative In Vitro, In Vivo, and In Silico Studies on Carbohydrate-Degrading Enzymes

Routabi P, Mehrabi M, Adibi H, Mehrabi M, Khodarahmi R

J Nutr Biochem, 2025 Mar 12.
PMID: 40086674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2025.109897

Natural polyphenol compounds such as curcumin can inhibit carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, which may offer an alternative to expensive and potentially side-effect-inducing α-glucosidase inhibitors like acarbose. Hence, this study carried out the synthesis of curcumin aldopentose derivatives, examining their capacity to inhibit the α-glucosidase and α-amylase enzymes with the aim to alleviate hyperglycemia. Initially, the aldopentose derivatives from curcumin were synthesized and confirmed by spectroscopic methods such as MS, 13CNMR, 1HNMR, and FTIR. Afterward, we investigated the inhibitory effects of all derivatives on the α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes spectroscopically and determined their inhibition mechanism. We assessed the antioxidant activity and the stability of the synthetic derivatives in the simulated intestinal environment. Finally, we measured the postprandial blood glucose level after administering saturated starch in vivo. The modified compounds showed improved inhibitory effects compared to curcumin alone, with compound C3 demonstrating particularly strong enzyme inhibition. However, when compared with acarbose, a known commercial antidiabetic drug, the synthetic compounds showed lower inhibitory activity against both enzymes, resulting in fewer side effects related to undigested polysaccharides in the gut. Molecular docking studies show introducing a pentose moiety to the curcumin backbone enhanced docking affinities toward both enzymes and subsequently altered the associated IC50 and Ki values. Overall, compound C3 has the potential to be an inhibitor of carbohydrate-degrading enzymes and can effectively reduce glucose absorption in vivo. Given its antioxidant capabilities and reasonable stability, the compound in question shows promises as a potent derivative for the development of new anti-hyperglycemic drugs in future research endeavours.
Discovery of Sulfanilamide-diazo Derivatives Incorporating Benzoic Acid Moieties as Novel Inhibitors of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II Activity

Belani F, Mehrabi M, Adibi H, Mehrabi M, Khodarahmi R

Curr Protein Pept Sci, 2025;26(3):226-240.
PMID: 39648421 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037332139241008054602

BACKGROUND: Sulfonamides are widely used carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) in clinical settings, however, their nonspecific inhibition of multiple carbonic anhydrase isoforms can lead to reduced efficacy and side effects. This study aimed to develop sulfanilamide-diazo derivatives incorporating benzoic acid moieties as novel inhibitors of hCA II activity to reduce side effects and enhance selectivity for different CA isozymes.
METHODS: We investigated the interaction between these derivatives and the hCA II isozyme via various spectroscopic and docking methods.
RESULTS: The kinetic data demonstrates that compound 1 (C1) and compound 2 (C2) share a similar inhibitory strength against hCA II, effectively inhibiting its esterase activity through a noncompetitive mechanism with Ki values at low micromolar levels. Fluorescence measurements indicated that the synthesized compounds suppressed the inherent fluorescence of hCA II via a static quenching process, with each compound showing a singular binding site within the enzyme. Thermodynamic evidences highlight the significance of van der Waals interactions and hydrogen bonding in the binding process. The results of molecular docking indicated that both C1 and C2 effectively obstruct the entrance to hCA II's active site, with no significant differences in their binding conformations.
CONCLUSION: While C1 and C2 exhibit CA inhibitory potency lower than that of sulfonamide compounds, this study offers valuable insights that could pave the way for the development of a promising scaffold for designing new carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
Nanoscale Chirality in Carbon Quantum Dots Enables Enantioselective Fluorescence Recognition of D-Penicillamine

Yadegarazari R, Rezaei A, Qadir KH, Adibi H

Luminescence, 2026 Nov;41(11).
PMID: 42958701 DOI: 10.1002/bio.70656

We successfully synthesized a chiral probe using a one-pot hydrothermal method involving L-/D-arginine and citric acid. The chiral carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were comprehensively characterized by various techniques such as FTIR, NMR, XPS, TEM, HRTEM, FESEM, and UV-vis. Fluorescence and circular dichroism were conducted to demonstrate that chiral ligands anchored at the nanoscale. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first report of arginine-derived chiral CQDs for enantioselective fluorescence recognition of D-penicillamine (D-PA). The results demonstrated an interaction between L-/D-Arg-CQDs and D-PA, evident from the significant reduction in emission intensity and quenching upon their introduction. Furthermore, experimental investigations focused on examining the enantioselective interaction behavior between D-PA and both L-Arg-CQDs and D-Arg-CQDs. It was found that both L-/D-Arg-CQDs exhibited a linear response over a concentration range of 50-10,000 nM of D-PA. Notably, the relative photoluminescence intensities of the chiral probes in relation to D-PA revealed that L-Arg-CQDs displayed a more pronounced interaction, leading to a steeper decline in emission compared to D-Arg-CQDs. In conclusion, the potential of chiral CQDs in enantioselective detection offers significant benefits for the pharmaceutical industry and related fields, where ensuring the safety and efficacy of pharmaceutical products is of utmost importance.
Fulltext The effect of Ramadan fasting on fasting serum glucose in healthy adults

Larijani B, Zahedi F, Sanjari M, Amini MR, Jalili RB, Adibi H, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2003 Dec;58(5):678-80.
PMID: 15190653

The effect of Ramadan fasting on fasting serum glucose (FPG) is still a matter of controversy. One hundred and fifteen healthy volunteers fasted for > or = 25 days during Ramadan. Blood samples were taken 1 week before Ramadan and on the 14th and 28th day of Ramadan. Serum glucose was determined by the glucose oxidase method. FPG decreased from 88.4 + 9.0 mg/dl to 62.9 +/- 7.7 mg/dl (p < 0.001). Men and women both experienced a significant drop in FPG. Calorie intake decreased in all groups (p < 0.001) and was positively correlated with decreasing FPG. FPG decreases with Ramadan fasting and has no serious adverse effect on fasting adults.