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  1. Mohammadi S, Fulop T, Khalil A, Ebrahimi S, Hasani M, Ziaei S, et al.
    BMC Complement Med Ther, 2025 Feb 22;25(1):71.
    PMID: 39987124 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-025-04819-9
    BACKGROUND: Supplementation with pine bark extract (PBE) may improve risk factors associated with cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). The effects of PBE supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors were evaluated in this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

    METHODS: A comprehensive search of various databases was performed to identify relevant RCTs published up to September 2024. A random-effects model was employed for the meta-analysis, which included 27 RCTs with 1,685 participants.

    RESULTS: The findings indicated that PBE supplementation significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (SBP) (weighted mean difference (WMD): -2.26 mmHg, 95% confidence interval (CI): -3.73, -0.79; P = 0.003), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD: -2.62 mmHg, 95% CI: -3.71, -1.53; P 

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