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A review on titanium oxide nanoparticles modified metal-organic frameworks for effective CO2 conversion and efficient wastewater remediation

Zango ZU, Khoo KS, Garba A, Garba ZN, Danmallam UN, Aldaghri O, et al.

Environ Res, 2024 Apr 29.
PMID: 38692419 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119024

Pollution of the environment due to air and wastewater have been disturbing a phenomenon for decades. Pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2), dyes, pharmaceuticals, phenols, heavy metals along with many organic and inorganic species have been discovered in the various environmental compartments. Studies have shown their negative impacts on human health, wildlife, and ecosystems. Thus, various efforts have been made through regulations, technological advancements, and public awareness campaigns to reduce the impact of the pollution. However, finding suitable alternatives to mitigate their impacts remained a challenge. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are one of the advanced materials with unique features such as high porosity and stability. Recently they have found versatile applications in environmental remediation. Their composites with titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2) have been discovered to offer potential feature than the pristine form such as light harvesting capacity and catalytic activity. The composite integration and properties have been confirmed through characterization using surface area analysis, scanning electron/transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and others. Thus, this work rigorously discussed potential applications of the MOF@TiO2 nanomaterials for the CO2 capture and effective utilization to in methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetaldehyde, and other useful products that served as fuel to various industrial processes. Additionally, the work highlights the effective performance of the materials towards photocatalytic degradation of both organic and inorganic pollutants. Mechanisms for the stated processes have been illustrated. As such, it is hoped that the article will offer significant contribution for the development of sustainable and efficient technologies for the environmental monitoring and pollutions mitigation.
Split-Course Radiotherapy in Stage IV Head & Neck Cancer

Biswal BM, Ruzman N, Ahmad NM, Zakaria A

Malays J Med Sci, 2000 Jan;7(1):54-9.
PMID: 22844216 MyJurnal

Short course hypo-fractionated radiotherapy is a standard regime for the palliation of stage IV head and neck cancers. However few patients respond favorably and require further radiotherapy in curative intent. We have used split-course radiotherapy technique to find out this conversion rate from palliative to curative intent. This was a prospective study conducted from November 1998 to October 1999; twenty-six (26) patients with stage IV head & neck cancers were treated with a hypofractionated regime of radiotherapy. A tumor dose of 30 Gy in 10 fractions [time dose fraction (TDF) 62] over 2 weeks was delivered using a 6 MV linear accelerator. A conventional 2 field or 3 field technique was used. Patients were assessed for the regression of tumor on fifth day, tenth day of radiotherapy and 4 weeks after the completion of radiotherapy. Patients showing complete response and good partial response were allowed to receive further radiotherapy of 30 Gy in 15 fractions [TDF 49]. There were 21 males and 5 females in the study with a median age of 44 years (range 19-77 years). All patients completed the initial regime. Complete responses were observed among 14 patients (54%); partial response in 6 patients (23%), and no response was seen among 6 patients (23%). Sixteen patients (61%) were suitable for radical radiotherapy after phase-I course of the above schedule. Seventeen patients (65%) showed an improvement in the general well being with a better quality of life. One year actuarial survival was (76%), with a median survival time of 12 months. Split-course technique is a useful radiotherapy treatment in stage IV head and neck cancers to distinguish between the subset of patients who would require curative treatment and who would not.
Topical application of honey in the management of radiation mucositis: a preliminary study

Biswal BM, Zakaria A, Ahmad NM

Support Care Cancer, 2003 Apr;11(4):242-8.
PMID: 12673463

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pure natural honey on radiation-induced mucositis.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty patients diagnosed with head and neck cancer requiring radiation to the oropharyngeal mucosal area were divided in to two groups to receive either radiation alone or radiation plus topical application of pure natural honey. Patients were treated using a 6-MV linear accelerator at a dose rate of 2 Gy per day five times a week up to a dose of 60-70 Gy. In the study arm, patients were advised to take 20 ml of pure honey 15 min before, 15 min after and 6 h post-radiation therapy. Patients were evaluated every week for the development of radiation mucositis using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grading system.
MAIN RESULTS: There was significant reduction in the symptomatic grade 3/4 mucositis among honey-treated patients compared to controls; i.e. 20% versus 75% ( p 0.00058). The compliance of honey-treated group of patients was better than controls. Fifty-five percent of patients treated with topical honey showed no change or a positive gain in body weight compared to 25% in the control arm ( p 0.053), the majority of whom lost weight.
CONCLUSIONS: Topical application of natural honey is a simple and cost-effective treatment in radiation mucositis, which warrants further multi-centre randomised trials to validate our finding.

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