The COVID-19 pandemic is currently having disastrous effects on every part of human life everywhere in the world. There have been terrible losses for the entire human race in all nations and areas. It is crucial to take good precautions and prevent COVID-19 because of its high infectiousness and fatality rate. One of the key spreading routes has been identified to be transportation systems. Therefore, improving infection tracking and healthcare monitoring for high-mobility transportation systems is impractical for pandemic control. In order to enhance driving enjoyment and road safety, 5G-enabled vehicular fog computing may gather and interpret pertinent vehicle data, which open the door to non-contact autonomous healthcare monitoring. Due to the urgent need to contain the automotive pandemic, this paper proposes a COVID-19 vehicle based on an efficient mutual authentication scheme for 5G-enabled vehicular fog computing. The proposed scheme consists of two different aspects of the special flag, SF = 0 and SF = 1, denoting normal and COVID-19 vehicles, respectively. The proposed scheme satisfies privacy and security requirements as well as achieves COVID-19 and healthcare solutions. Finally, the performance evaluation section shows that the proposed scheme is more efficient in terms of communication and computation costs as compared to most recent related works.
The role that vehicular fog computing based on the Fifth Generation (5G) can play in improving traffic management and motorist safety is growing quickly. The use of wireless technology within a vehicle raises issues of confidentiality and safety. Such concerns are optimal targets for conditional privacy-preserving authentication (CPPA) methods. However, current CPPA-based systems face a challenge when subjected to attacks from quantum computers. Because of the need for security and anti-piracy features in fog computing when using a 5G-enabled vehicle system, the L-CPPA scheme is proposed in this article. Using a fog server, secret keys are generated and transmitted to each registered car via a 5G-Base Station (5G-BS) in the proposed L-CPPA system. In the proposed L-CPPA method, the trusted authority, rather than the vehicle's Onboard Unit (OBU), stores the vehicle's master secret data to each fog server. Finally, the computation cost of the suggested L-CPPA system regards message signing, single verification and batch verification is 694.161 ms, 60.118 ms, and 1348.218 ms, respectively. Meanwhile, the communication cost is 7757 bytes.
Fifth-generation (5G)-enabled vehicular fog computing technologies have always been at the forefront of innovation because they support smart transport like the sharing of traffic data and cooperative processing in the urban fabric. Nevertheless, the most important factors limiting progress are concerns over message protection and safety. To cope with these challenges, several scholars have proposed certificateless authentication schemes with pseudonyms and traceability. These schemes avoid complicated management of certificate and escrow of key in the public key infrastructure-based approaches in the identity-based approaches, respectively. Nevertheless, problems such as high communication costs, security holes, and computational complexity still exist. Therefore, this paper proposes an efficient certificateless authentication called the ECA-VFog scheme for fog computing with 5G-assisted vehicular systems. The proposed ECA-VFog scheme applied efficient operations based on elliptic curve cryptography that is supported by a fog server through a 5G-base station. This work conducts a safety analysis of the security designs to analysis the viability and value of the proposed ECA-VFog scheme. In the performance ovulation section, the computation costs for signing and verification process are 2.3539 ms and 1.5752 ms, respectively. While, the communication costs and energy consumption overhead of the ECA-VFog are 124 bytes and 25.610432 mJ, respectively. Moreover, comparing the ECA-VFog scheme to other existing schemes, the performance estimation reveals that it is more cost-effective with regard to computation cost, communication cost, and energy consumption.
Communications between nodes in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) are inherently vulnerable to security attacks, which may mean disruption to the system. Therefore, the security and privacy issues in VANETs are entitled to be the most important. To address these issues, the existing Conditional Privacy-Preserving Authentication (CPPA) schemes based on either public key infrastructure, group signature, or identity have been proposed. However, an attacker could impersonate an authenticated node in these schemes for broadcasting fake messages. Besides, none of these schemes have satisfactorily addressed the performance efficiency related to signing and verifying safety traffic-related messages. For resisting impersonation attacks and achieving better performance efficiency, a Secure and Efficient Conditional Privacy-Preserving Authentication (SE-CPPA) scheme is proposed in this paper. The proposed SE-CPPA scheme is based on the cryptographic hash function and bilinear pair cryptography for the signing and verifying of messages. Through security analysis and comparison, the proposed SE-CPPA scheme can accomplish security goals in terms of formal and informal analysis. More precisely, to resist impersonation attacks, the true identity of the vehicle stored in the tamper-proof device (TPD) is frequently updated, having a short period of validity. Since the MapToPoint hash function and a large number of cryptography operations are not employed, simulation results show that the proposed SE-CPPA scheme outperforms the existing schemes in terms of computation and communication costs. Finally, the proposed SE-CPPA scheme reduces the computation costs of signing the message and verifying the message by 99.95% and 35.93%, respectively. Meanwhile, the proposed SE-CPPA scheme reduces the communication costs of the message size by 27.3%.
Several researchers have proposed secure authentication techniques for addressing privacy and security concerns in the fifth-generation (5G)-enabled vehicle networks. To verify vehicles, however, these conditional privacy-preserving authentication (CPPA) systems required a roadside unit, an expensive component of vehicular networks. Moreover, these CPPA systems incur exceptionally high communication and processing costs. This study proposes a CPPA method based on fog computing (FC), as a solution for these issues in 5G-enabled vehicle networks. In our proposed FC-CPPA method, a fog server is used to establish a set of public anonymity identities and their corresponding signature keys, which are then preloaded into each authentic vehicle. We guarantee the security of the proposed FC-CPPA method in the context of a random oracle. Our solutions are not only compliant with confidentiality and security standards, but also resistant to a variety of threats. The communication costs of the proposal are only 84 bytes, while the computation costs are 0.0031, 2.0185 to sign and verify messages. Comparing our strategy to similar ones reveals that it saves time and money on communication and computing during the performance evaluation phase.