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Fulltext Reinforced Universal Adhesive by Ribose Crosslinker: A Novel Strategy in Adhesive Dentistry

Bourgi R, Daood U, Bijle MN, Fawzy A, Ghaleb M, Hardan L

Polymers (Basel), 2021 Feb 26;13(5).
PMID: 33652596 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050704

Enzymatic biodegradation of demineralized collagen fibrils could lead to the reduction of resin-dentin bond strength. Therefore, methods that provide protection to collagen fibrils appear to be a pragmatic solution to improve bond strength. Thus, the study's aim was to investigate the effect of ribose (RB) on demineralized resin-dentin specimens in a modified universal adhesive. Dentin specimens were obtained, standardized and then bonded in vitro with a commercial multi-mode adhesive modified with 0, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% RB, restored with resin composite, and tested for micro-tensile bond strength (µTBS) after storage for 24 h in artificial saliva. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to analyze resin-dentin interface. Contact angles were analyzed using a contact angle analyzer. Depth of penetration of adhesives and nanoleakage were assessed using micro-Raman spectroscopy and silver tracing. Molecular docking studies were carried out using Schrodinger small-molecule drug discovery suite 2019-4. Matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) and cathepsin-K activities in RB-treated specimens were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The significance level was set at α = 0.05 for all statistical analyses. Incorporation of RB at 1% or 2% is of significant potential (p < 0.05) as it can be associated with improved wettability on dentin surfaces (0.5% had the lowest contact angle) as well as appreciable hybrid layer quality, and higher resin penetration. Improvement of the adhesive bond strength was shown when adding RB at 1% concentration to universal adhesive (p < 0.05). Modified adhesive increased the resistance of collagen degradation by inhibiting MMP-2 and cathepsin-K. A higher RB concentration was associated with improved results (p < 0.01). D-ribose showed favorable negative binding to collagen. In conclusion, universal adhesive using 1% or 2% RB helped in maintaining dentin collagen scaffold and proved to be successful in improving wettability, protease inhibition, and stability of demineralized dentin substrates. A more favorable substrate is created which, in turn, leads to a more stable dentin-adhesive bond. This could lead to more advantageous outcomes in a clinical scenario where a stable bond may result in longevity of the dental restoration.
Fulltext Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition

Bijle MN, Pichika MR, Mak KK, Parolia A, Babar MG, Yiu C, et al.

Molecules, 2021 Oct 31;26(21).
PMID: 34771014 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216605

This study's objective was to examine L-arginine (L-arg) supplementation's effect on mono-species biofilm (Streptococcus mutans/Streptococcus sanguinis) growth and underlying enamel substrates. The experimental groups were 1%, 2%, and 4% arg, and 0.9% NaCl was used as the vehicle control. Sterilised enamel blocks were subjected to 7-day treatment with test solutions and S. mutans/S. sanguinis inoculum in BHI. Post-treatment, the treated biofilms stained for live/dead bacterial cells were analysed using confocal microscopy. The enamel specimens were analysed using X-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The molecular interactions between arg and MMP-2/MMP-9 were determined by computational molecular docking and MMP assays. With increasing arg concentrations, bacterial survival significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The XRD peak intensity with 1%/2% arg was significantly higher than with 4% arg and the control (p < 0.05). The bands associated with the mineral phase by RS were significantly accentuated in the 1%/2% arg specimens compared to in other groups (p < 0.05). The TEM analysis revealed that 4% arg exhibited an ill-defined shape of enamel crystals. Docking of arg molecules to MMPs appears feasible, with arg inhibiting MMP-2/MMP-9 (p < 0.05). L-arginine supplementation has an antimicrobial effect on mono-species biofilm. L-arginine treatment at lower (1%/2%) concentrations exhibits enamel hydroxyapatite stability, while the molecule has the potential to inhibit MMP-2/MMP-9.
Preventive potential of arginine incorporated in fancy waters for erosive tooth wear

Bijle MN, Sharaf D, Bahdar MAM, Daood U, Yiu C

J Dent, 2024 Dec 01;153:105500.
PMID: 39626842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105500

OBJECTIVE(S): The aim of the study was to examine the potential of arginine (Arg)-enriched fancy waters in preventing erosive tooth wear.
METHODS: L-arginine (2 % w/v.) was added to five commercial fancy waters: Oasis-Lemon, Oasis-Lemon Mint, Perrier-Lemon, Perrier-Grapefruit, Pellegrino-Lemon; and deionized water served as a negative control. The pH, buffer capacity of added Arg, and F- concentrations were measured. Tooth specimens were prepared and baseline volumetric assessment (T0) was conducted using micro-CT. Subsequently, the specimens were immersed in fancy waters for 72 h, kept in an incubator (37 ℃) and solutions were changed every 24 h. After the experimental cycle (T1), 3D volumetric analysis was performed, and 3D structural images were reconstructed for qualitative assessment.
RESULTS: The pH and F- concentrations of fancy waters with Arg were significantly higher than the control (p < 0.001). The buffer capacity of added Arg with Perrier-Grapefruit was significantly higher than Oasis-Lemon, Oasis-Lemon Mint & Pellegrino-Lemon (p < 0.05), except for Perrier-Lemon (p > 0.05). At T1, the specimen volume in Oasis-Lemon Mint (+/- Arg) and Pellegrino-Lemon (control) was significantly lower than T0 (p < 0.05). At T1, the specimen volume of Oasis-Lemon Mint and Pellegrino-Lemon (control) was significantly lower than Arg-containing fancy waters (p < 0.05). Surface contrast indicating wear was evident from T0 to T1 in specimens from the Oasis-Lemon Mint (+/- Arg) and Pellegrino-Lemon (- Arg).
CONCLUSION: Incorporating Arg in fancy waters reduces the potential of erosive tooth wear associated with these beverages.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Consuming fancy water beverages (flavoured sparkling/carbonated) can lead to erosive tooth wear in young people. Incorporating Arg in fancy water beverages can prevent the erosive wear potential of these beverages while alleviating the burden of oral care on individuals at risk to erosive wear.

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