This study investigates the longitudinal developmental trajectories of pre-service physical education (PE) teachers' core competencies within a 16-week generative AI-driven STEAM basketball curriculum. Employing a parallel-group randomized controlled trial in which 80 participants were randomized and 75 completed the intervention (experimental n = 37; control n = 38), the study addresses the absence of longitudinal evidence on how Intelligent-TPACK develops over time by identifying a non-linear N-shaped trajectory across the three core competency domains, with two sub-dimensions (Professional Responsibilities, Ethics) as theoretically informative exceptions. Piecewise linear mixed-effects models show a Week-8 decline at peak instructional complexity followed by recovery; the between-group phase contrasts describing this pattern remain significant after correction for multiplicity. Two further patterns are reported as exploratory and hypothesis-generating: higher baseline AI proficiency was associated with a steeper Week-8 decline in classroom management (feature creep), and recovery co-occurred with reduced in-class AI activation (pedagogical simplification rebound). Intelligent-TPACK, interdisciplinary teaching ability and observed teaching practice were associated within persons, but because they were measured on the same occasions this is not evidence of a causal cascade. We offer the Generative AI-TPACK Fatigue Model as a hypothesis-generating framework rather than confirmed theory. The study offers preliminary, context-sensitive guidance for teacher education programs working in comparable settings, and identifies the conditions under which a mid-course performance decline might prove productive as a question for future work.
The inheritance of 31 amplicons from short and long primer RAPD was tested for segregating ratios in two families of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, and they were found to be inherited in a simple Mendelian fashion. These markers could now be used in population genetics studies of N. lugens. Ten populations of N. lugens were collected from five locations in Malaysia. Each location had two sympatric populations. Cluster and principal coordinate analyses based on genetic distance along with AMOVA revealed that the rice-infesting populations (with high esterase activity) at five localities clustered together as a group, and Leersia-infesting populations (with low esterase activity) at the same localities formed another distinct cluster. Two amplicons from primers OPD03 (0.65 kb) and peh#6 (1.0 kb) could be considered diagnostic bands, which were fixed in the Leersia-infesting populations. These results represent evidence of a sibling species in the N. lugens complex.
Leptospirosis is a severe and potentially fatal re-emerging zoonotic and waterborne disease caused by pathogenic and intermediate species of Leptospira. Given the high global rates of morbidity and mortality associated with this disease, there is an urgent need to explore alternative therapeutic agents to enhance treatment options. This study investigates the anti-leptospiral efficacy of several common antibiotics-penicillin G, doxycycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, and erythromycin, as well as extracts from local herbs, Hydnophytum formicarum Jack and Boesenbergia stenophylla, against pathogenic and intermediate Leptospira strains. A broth microdilution method determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the antibiotics and herb extracts. Both herbs were extracted using four different solvents: ethyl acetate, methanol, hexane, and chloroform. The extracts were then analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify their phytochemical compounds. The results demonstrated that cefotaxime and erythromycin exhibited the highest anti-leptospiral activity, with MIC values of 0.2 µg/mL. This was followed by amoxicillin and ampicillin (0.2-0.39 µg/mL), penicillin G (0.39-3.13 µg/mL), chloramphenicol (0.78-3.13 µg/mL), and doxycycline (0.78-12.5 µg/mL). H. formicarum Jack and B. stenophylla extract extractions displayed the lowest MICs (62.5 µg/mL) for the ethyl acetate, methanol, and hexane extracts. They contained various phytochemical constituents, including some with anti-leptospiral properties. These findings indicate that different strains of Leptospira respond with varying levels of inhibition to the antibiotics and herb extracts studied. The extracts from H. formicarum Jack and B. stenophylla may have potential as anti-leptospiral drugs. However, further in-vivo studies are needed to better understand their efficacy against Leptospira.