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  1. Allen RJ, Schaefer A, Falcon T
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2014 Sep;151:237-43.
    PMID: 25086225 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.07.003
    The present article reports two experiments examining the impact of recollecting emotionally valenced autobiographical memories on subsequent working memory (WM) task performance. Experiment 1 found that negatively valenced recollection significantly disrupted performance on a supra-span spatial WM task. Experiment 2 replicated and extended these findings to a verbal WM task (digit recall), and found that both negative and positive autobiographical recollections had a detrimental effect on verbal WM. In addition, we observed that these disruptive effects were more apparent on early trials, immediately following autobiographical recollection. Overall, these findings show that both positive and negative affect can disrupt WM when the mood-eliciting context is based on autobiographical memories. Furthermore, these results indicate that the emotional disruption of WM can take place across different modalities of WM (verbal and visuo-spatial).
  2. Amir Kassim A, Rehman R, Price JM
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2018 Apr;185:72-80.
    PMID: 29407247 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2018.01.012
    Previous research has shown that auditory recognition memory is poorer compared to visual and cross-modal (visual and auditory) recognition memory. The effect of repetition on memory has been robust in showing improved performance. It is not clear, however, how auditory recognition memory compares to visual and cross-modal recognition memory following repetition. Participants performed a recognition memory task, making old/new discriminations to new stimuli, stimuli repeated for the first time after 4-7 intervening items (R1), or repeated for the second time after 36-39 intervening items (R2). Depending on the condition, participants were either exposed to visual stimuli (2D line drawings), auditory stimuli (spoken words), or cross-modal stimuli (pairs of images and associated spoken words). Results showed that unlike participants in the visual and cross-modal conditions, participants in the auditory recognition did not show improvements in performance on R2 trials compared to R1 trials. These findings have implications for pedagogical techniques in education, as well as for interventions and exercises aimed at boosting memory performance.
  3. Eng V, Lim A, Janssen SMJ, Satel J
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2018 Feb;183:51-57.
    PMID: 29328938 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.12.011
    Studies of endogenous and exogenous attentional orienting in spatial cueing paradigms have been used to investigate inhibition of return, a behavioral phenomenon characterized by delayed reaction time in response to recently attended locations. When eye movements are suppressed, attention is covertly oriented to central or peripheral stimuli. Overt orienting, on the other hand, requires explicit eye movements to the stimuli. The present study examined the time course of slowed reaction times to previously attended locations when distractors are introduced into overt and covert orienting tasks. In a series of experiments, manual responses were required to targets following central and peripheral cues at three different cue-target intervals, with and without activated oculomotor systems. The results demonstrate that, when eye movements are suppressed, behavioral inhibition is reduced or delayed in magnitude by the presence of a distractor relative to conditions without distractors. However, the time course of behavioral inhibition when eye movements are required remains similar with or without distractors.
  4. Haider SA, Tehseen S, Koay KY, Poulova P, Afsar B
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2024 May 11;247:104305.
    PMID: 38735247 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104305
    Globalization and competition drive rapid adoption of new technologies, leading to a rise in complex projects. Project managers need to know how to lead teams through the planning and execution phases of a project while keeping in line with the organization's objectives. In order to successfully manage complex projects, emotional intelligence is an essential leadership quality. Therefore, the present research aimed to investigate the impact of project manager's emotional intelligence (PMEI) on megaprojects China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) success through mediating roles of human-related agile challenges Inventory (HRACI) and project success factors (PSF), and project management as a moderator. The study employed convenience and purposive sampling methods to collect data from 533 project managers working on CPEC projects. The Smart PLS 4 software was utilized to evaluate the hypotheses. The results of this study indicated that the direct effect of a PMEI is not significant on CPEC. However, through mediating variables, HRACI exhibited a negative and significant association, while PSF positively and significantly mediate the relationship among PMEI and CPEC. Furthermore, project management as a moderator has a significant and positive effect on PMEI and PSF, however, insignificant between PMEI and CPEC, and negatively significant among PMEI and HRACI. The findings of this study are of great significance for project managers and project leaders. They will need to acquire the skills to prevent issues from arising, particularly when conflicts emerge, in order to ensure the success of megaproject. Therefore, current study recommend that PMEI appears to have a vital role in social interactions, promoting emotions of trust, efficient communication, and cooperation with other project teams in high-stress work environments like CPEC. Lastly, theoretical and practical contributions are discussed, as well as research constraints and future research directions.
  5. Armutcu B, Tan A, Amponsah M, Parida S, Ramkissoon H
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2023 Oct;240:104025.
    PMID: 37741033 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.104025
    Social media and its applications are a part of daily life in Turkey and the rest of the world. In 2022, about 80.7 % of Turkey's population (69.9 million people) spent an average of 8 h daily using the Internet, providing a significant opportunity to encourage and influence tourists' purchase intentions through social media. This study aims to determine the effects of digital marketing and social media on tourist behaviours in Turkey. This study proposes a comprehensive model for the antecedents of tourists' behavioural intentions in their destination selection that can be found in the tourist destination online content (TDOC). The quality and user-friendly accessibility of the online information provides essential clues that influence tourists' behavioural intentions (intention to visit the destination and eWOM). Tourists' level of satisfaction with their first destination visits and the digital marketing interaction channels through which they share their experiences may positively affect their repeat visits/other tourists' behavioural intentions. Therefore, this study investigates the mediator effect of satisfaction and digital marketing interactions on the behavioural intentions of tourists of Eastern origin during their destination selection. Data was collected from 264 structured questionnaires and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation (PLS-SEM) modelling. Findings show that tourists' TDOC perceptions directly affect their behavioural intentions and that tourist satisfaction has a mediator role in the relationship between tourists' TDOC perceptions and behavioural intentions. Also, the results show that satisfaction and digital marketing interactions are important determinants of the intention to visit a tourist destination and eWOM intentions. Understanding tourists' perspectives on destination choice is crucial for policy makers, businesses and marketers as it will help formulate appropriate strategies to increase destination visits. In this respect, it is recommended to develop strategies to encourage tourists to share their experiences and satisfaction levels through digital marketing channels by improving the quality of products and services. Finally, the population of this study is limited to Turkey, and future research can extend this study to countries with different cultures and make new contributions to the related literature.
  6. Lin CY, Latner JD, Rozzell-Voss KN, Huang PC, Tsai YC, Pakpour AH, et al.
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2024 Apr;244:104203.
    PMID: 38442432 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104203
    Weight status, weight stigma, and internet use are important factors impacting quality of life (QoL). However, little is known regarding how these factors interact in their association with QoL, and it is important to understand how self-perceived obesity and body mass index (BMI)-defined obesity may differentially impact QoL. We aimed to assess the associations between weight status (obesity vs. non-obesity, including both self-perceived and BMI-defined), weight stigma, internet use, and QoL. Cross-sectional data from the Taiwan Social Change Survey (N = 1604; mean age = 49.22; 52.93 % women) were used. All participants were classified as having obesity or not having obesity according to both self-perceived (self-perceived as 'too fat') and BMI-defined (≧27 kg/m2 as obesity) weight status. Results showed that the group with obesity (both BMI-defined and self-perceived) had significantly more internet time and lower physical QoL than the group without obesity. Those with self-perceived obesity, but not those with BMI-defined obesity, sought health information via the internet and used social media significantly more than the group without obesity. More internet time was associated with worse physical and mental QoL for the group with obesity regardless of BMI-defined or self-perceived status. Moreover, weight stigma was associated with worse mental QoL for the group with self-perceived obesity, but not for the group with BMI-defined obesity. Accordingly, being a person with obesity (self-defined, or based upon BMI) was associated with more internet time and poorer QoL. People with self-perceived obesity may have increased experience of weight stigma and greater internet use, factors that may contribute to their impaired QoL.
  7. Zulnaidi H, Mafarja N, Rahim SSA, Salleh UKM
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2024 Mar;243:104151.
    PMID: 38301408 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104151
    This study contributes to the existing body of research by examining the mediating effect of ethics in the relationship between mathematics teacher cooperation and readiness. It fills a gap in the literature by investigating the ethical dimensions of collaboration and their impact on readiness for the industrial revolution. This study aims to determine the mediator effect of ethics between the relationship of Mathematics Teacher Cooperation and Readiness in Facing the Era of Industrial Revolution. The study involved a total of 231 mathematics teachers in Indonesia and a total of 384 mathematics teachers in Malaysia using simple random sampling. A survey was conducted to determine the readiness of mathematics teachers in facing the industrial revolution. This study used SEM analysis (using AMOS software) to determine the model of teacher readiness facing the era of industrial revolution such as the direct effect of mathematics teacher cooperation and readiness in facing the era of industrial revolution, the essence of ethics as mediators of the relationship between mathematics teacher cooperation and readiness in facing the era of industrial revolution. The study findings showed collaboration has significant effect on IR4.0 readiness and the direct effect of collaboration on ethics was also significant. Indirectly, ethics has a significant mediating effect in the contribution between collaboration on the readiness of IR4.0 among mathematics teachers in Indonesia and Malaysia. A partial mediator occurred in the results of this study. In conclusion, the study's implications and recommendations emphasize the importance of collaborative practices, ethics, and cross-cultural considerations in preparing mathematics teachers for the Industrial Revolution era in Indonesia and Malaysia. These recommendations highlight the significance of policy support, professional development, ethical guidelines, and research-informed practices to enhance readiness for the challenges brought about by technological advancements.
  8. Gong Y, Gong Q, Yu J, Wong PPW, Wang L
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2024 Mar;243:104162.
    PMID: 38280350 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104162
    The bookings and revenues of youth hostels have significantly decreased because of the multiple effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is necessary to investigate young consumers' perceptions of visiting youth hostels aftermath this pandemic. The current study examines the relationship between multi-dimensions of perceived risk, three types of images, willingness to pay and visit intention. A convenience sampling was developed where 534 questionnaires were received, followed by subsequent empirical testing of the proposed hypotheses using SPSS and AMOS-SEM. Results showed that perceived risk negatively influenced cognitive and affective image, respectively. Cognitive and affective image positively influenced overall image and finally influenced willingness to pay and visit intention separately. In addition, cognitive image positively influenced affective image. The theoretical framework satisfactorily accounted for willingness to pay and intention, and our results help youth hostels practitioners invent efficient strategies to boost young consumers' willingness to pay and intention to visit youth hostels.
  9. Wong RMM, Owuamalam CK, Stewart-Williams S
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2023 Jul;237:103935.
    PMID: 37267880 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103935
    We investigated the impact of egalitarianism on consumers' inclination to support fair-trade products and examined whether this effect was observed among individuals with different political affiliations. In four experiments featuring a fictional chocolate brand presented in either a social-justice (fair trade) or quality-focused (control) manner, we examined the product purchase intentions of both left- and right-leaning consumers in the United States and Malaysia (Studies 1a, N = 200; 1b, N = 269; & 2, N = 410). Results revealed that participants expressed a greater willingness to support the product when it was framed as contributing to a social justice cause, but this effect was limited to left- and right-leaning consumers who strongly endorsed egalitarian principles. Study 3 (N = 354) employed a mediated-moderation approach and confirmed that an elevated sensitivity to injustice was the underlying mechanism driving increased intentions to support the product among egalitarians exposed to social justice framing. These results demonstrate that right-leaning consumers can be influenced by social justice framing when their commitment to equity is strong.
  10. Redican E, Vang ML, Shevlin M, Ghazali S, Elklit A
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2023 May;235:103896.
    PMID: 36990035 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103896
    BACKGROUND: Although it is well-established that people can experience multiple traumatic events, there are few studies examining the co-occurrence of such experiences in non-Western nations. The current study sought to examine the occurrence of multiple potentially traumatic experiences (PTEs) and their associations with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among adolescents from two Asian nations.

    METHODS: Latent class analysis (LCA) was employed to model the co-occurrence of PTEs in two school samples of adolescents from India (n = 411) and Malaysia (n = 469). Demographic correlates (i.e., sex, age, household composition, parent education) of the latent classes and the association between latent class membership and probable diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were examined.

    RESULTS: The LCA identified three latent classes for the Indian sample: 'Low Risk - moderate sexual trauma', 'Moderate Risk', and 'High Risk'. Similarly, three classes were also identified for the Malaysian sample: 'Low Risk', 'Moderate Risk', and 'High Risk'. Membership of 'Moderate Risk' was associated with male sex in both samples, and with older age and lower levels of parental education attainment in the Malaysian sample. No correlates of 'High Risk' class were identified in either sample. Membership of the 'High Risk' class was significantly associated with probable PTSD diagnosis in both samples, while membership of the 'Moderate Risk' class was associated with probable PTSD diagnosis in the Malaysian sample.

    CONCLUSION: Findings from this study correspond with Western studies indicating co-occurrence of PTEs to be common and to represent a salient risk factor for the development of PTSD.

  11. Zhang Y, Yusof FM
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2024 Nov 05;251:104590.
    PMID: 39504842 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104590
    Drawing on Bronfenbrenner's ecological system, the present study employs a qualitative longitudinal approach to delve into the emotional experiences and ecological factors that contribute to these emotions in eight novice EFL teachers from four Chinese public universities. Based on data collected from semi-structured interviews and case documents, this study identifies four types of emotional experiences-fear, anger, sadness, and joy-in their first school year. The findings revealed that their emotional experiences were shaped by college students, teachers' teaching competence, EFL teaching-related activities in the microsystem, interpersonal relationships in the mesosystem, novice teacher education and development systems in the exosystem, traditional cultural values and English curriculum reforms in the macrosystem, and changes in the emotional experiences over time in the chronosystem. The implications for novice EFL teachers, teacher educators, school leaders, and policymakers are proposed.
  12. Fu X, Zhang M, Zhu K, Li S, Fu R, Zhang M, et al.
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2024 Aug;248:104335.
    PMID: 38878470 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104335
    This research investigated the relationships between school climates and bullying behaviors in Chinese adolescents, and tested the mediating effect of prosocial tendency according to the seesaw effect. School climates were operationalized using three constructs: subjective diversity of student development goals, teacher support, and peer trust. Bullying behaviors included traditional (i.e., physical, nonphysical, and relational) and cyber bullying behaviors. We recruited 538 adolescents from three schools in Beijing, China (286 girls, 252 boys; average age = 12.47) and asked them to fill out the surveys measuring school climates and prosocial tendency at the outset and to report school bullying behaviors three months later. The results showed that subjective diversity of student development goals and peer trust were directly associated with less cyber bullying behavior. Moreover, teacher support and peer trust were indirectly associated with less traditional bullying behaviors via prosocial tendency. Our findings extend the existing literature on the relationships between school climates and bullying behaviors by incorporating different types of bullying behaviors, concentrating on Chinese adolescents from a cultural viewpoint, and tapping into the underlying mechanism via revealing prosocial tendency as a mediator. Theoretical and empirical contributions of this study, as well as practical implications are discussed.
  13. Yu J, Abdul Hamid R
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2024 Nov 06;251:104587.
    PMID: 39509959 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104587
    This study, grounded in social exchange theory and social identity theory, aims to examine the influence of psychological contract fulfillment on turnover intention among gig workers. It employs mediated path analysis, specifically examining the mediating roles of organizational identification and job satisfaction. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was utilized to assess the goodness of fit of the proposed model and to test the proposed hypotheses. In Study 1, data collected from the ride-hailing industry in China (N = 374) proved that both transactional and relational contract fulfillment negatively impacted turnover intention, with this relationship mediated by organizational identification and job satisfaction. Study 2, employing time-lagged data (N = 426) collected at two different time points from the food delivery industry in China, also confirmed the negative relationship between transactional and relational contract fulfillment and turnover intention, as well as the mediating effects of organizational identification and job satisfaction. This research advances the current understanding within the psychological contract literature by providing insights into the dynamics of psychological contracts within the context of the gig economy. The findings have significant implications for the management.
  14. Poulova P, Wang H, Lin S, Wu X, Tehseen S, Liu X
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2024 Nov 22;251:104538.
    PMID: 39579499 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104538
    This study investigated the impact of Hofstede cultural dimensions on sustainable competitive advantage with the mediating role of entrepreneurial innovativeness among Malays, Malaysian Chinese, and Malaysian Indian entrepreneurs in the retail industry. This study involved a quantitative approach with standardized questionnaires distributed among target respondents through non-probability sampling techniques, including snowball sampling, quota sampling, and convenience sampling. The data were collected in a cross-sectional setting from Malaysian retail ethnic entrepreneurs. AMOS-SEM and SPSS were used to analyze the data. The findings of this study revealed a positive and significant influence of indulgence, long-term orientation, masculinity, and low power distance on sustainable competitive advantage among Chinese, Malay, and Indian entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the direct effect of entrepreneurial innovativeness was also positive and significant in terms of sustainable competitive advantage among Chinese, Malay, and Indian entrepreneurs. Finally, the indirect effects of collectivism, indulgence, low uncertainty avoidance, low power distance, masculinity, and long-term orientation on sustainable competitive advantage through mediator entrepreneurial innovativeness were positive and significant among Malaysian Chinese. However, in Malay (indulgence) and India (collectivism, low uncertainty avoidance, and low power distance), these were not significant. Our results suggest that academics and businesses should consider how cultural norms of masculinity, long-term orientation, and uncertainty avoidance impact sustainable competitive advantage activities. Rewards encouraging sustainable competitive advantage in one subculture may not promote it in another. Subcultural norms influence entrepreneurs' decisions, expectations, and incentives in a culturally diverse community.
  15. Shoukat MH, Selem KM, Elgammal I, Ramkissoon H, Amponsah M
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2023 Aug;238:103962.
    PMID: 37356362 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103962
    Underpinned by integrating self-determination and source credibility theories (SCT), this paper investigates the focal roles of memorable local food experiences (MLX) and travel influencer endorsement (TIE) on revisit intention. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 513 TikTok influencers (individuals who frequently post videos on TikTok and have a large number of followers). A purposive sampling technique is used to collect data from TikTok influencers who create videos about food tourism in Pakistan. SmartPLS 4.4 was used with PLS-SEM. The empirical results suggest a positive and significant linkage of culinary memorable experience factors with MLX. The focal effects of MLX and TIE on revisit intention are significantly positive. Our findings further revealed that MLX partially mediated the linkage of culinary memorable experience factors with revisit intention, while TIE strengthened the positive relationship between MLX and revisit intention. The study's findings influence travel agents, local food providers, and marketing specialists who develop marketing strategies for local food tourism and online trip purchasing.
  16. Wang ZX, Chee WM, Jantan AHB, Xia YH, Xue H, Ye MJ, et al.
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2024 Aug;248:104371.
    PMID: 38908227 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104371
    The consumption value seems to be insufficient to explain consumers' domestic electric vehicle purchase behaviour, especially in a highly competitive global environment. This study aims to investigate how consumer ethnocentrism and perceived interactivity influence consumption value and pro-environmental value, subsequently affecting attitude and intention. A total of 353 valid questionnaires were collected through convenience sampling in Xuzhou, China, and the partial least square (PLS) path modelling approach was performed to test the hypotheses. The results show that consumer ethnocentrism and perceived interactivity positively influence function value, emotional value, and social value; perceived interactivity also positively influences altruistic value, biospheric value, and collectivistic value. Function value, social value, and collectivistic value positively influence attitude; however, emotional value, altruistic value and biospheric value did not find a correlation with attitude. Furthermore, attitude positively influences intention to adopt domestic electric vehicles. Finally, the theoretical and practical implications, as well as limitations were discussed accordingly.
  17. Swami V
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2024 Aug;248:104355.
    PMID: 38870689 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104355
    Researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers are having to deal with the negative impact of body image concerns in populations globally. One cost-effective way of promoting healthier body image outcomes is through exposure to natural environments. A growing body of research has shown that spending time in, interacting with, and even just looking at natural environments can promote healthier body image outcomes. In this narrative review, I consider the different forms of evidence documenting an association between nature exposure and body image (i.e., cross-sectional and mediational, experimental and quasi-experimental, comparative, prospective, experience sampling, and qualitative research). Beyond this, I shine a critical light on the available evidence, highlighting concerns with methodological (i.e., who research has focused on and what types of natural environments have been considered), psychometric (i.e., how body image and nature exposure are measured), and conceptual issues (how the association is explained). I conclude that, although there are issues affecting the way the existing body of research is to be understood, there are reasons to be hopeful that nature exposure can be leveraged to promote healthier body image outcomes in diverse populations.
  18. Seow CW, Hussain T
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2024 Aug;248:104412.
    PMID: 39053053 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104412
    This research project expands on previous studies to analyze the institutional image from the perspective of higher education students in Singapore. The work builds on extensive prior research and examines the impact of the recent pandemic and lockdowns in Asia, which have increased Singapore's popularity as a study destination for Asian students, particularly from China. Known as the Garden City and one of Asia's wealthiest cities, Singapore has grown significantly due to foreign direct investment and its strategic location near Malaysia and Indonesia. This study aims to identify institutional and city image dimensions in higher education, focusing on three of Singapore's six publicly funded universities. The critical factors examined include Institutional Image, Economic Image, Social Image, Environmental Image, Perceived Educational Quality, and Satisfaction and Loyalty. These factors are crucial for Singapore's goal to become an innovation and talent powerhouse by 2030, aligning with national scientific and technological advancement plans. The research also explores how Singapore competes with traditional study destinations like the USA, Britain, and Australia.
  19. Sarwar U, Aslam MK, Khan SA, Shenglin S
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2024 Aug;248:104385.
    PMID: 38968810 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104385
    Even though existing literature frequently finds High Performance Human Resource Practices' (HPHRPs) positive impact on job performance in organizational setting, still it remains short to study unexplored underlying methods by which High Performance Human Resource Practices (HPHRPs) affect employee job performance. This gap is filled by our research, which proposes psychological empowerment as a mediator in the aforementioned relationship. Based on signaling theory, the present study examines the mediating role of psychological empowerment (PE) in the relationship between high-performance human resource practices (HPHRPs) and job performance (JP). In addition, this study tests the interactive effect of HPHRPs and responsible leadership on psychological empowerment. Data were collected in three waves from representative sample of education sector employees and their supervisors (T1-557, T2-342, T3-210 responses) in Pakistan. The hypotheses were evaluated using the PROCESS macro with SPSS to measure moderated-mediated relationships. The findings of the study reveal that HPHRPs positively influence employee performance through psychological empowerment. Responsible leadership positively moderates HPHRPs' effects on psychological empowerment. Furthermore, responsible leadership moderates the mediated relationship such that this positive indirect effect is stronger for individuals possessing low levels of responsible leadership. Our study is the first of its type to investigate whether a responsible leader may moderate the indirect impact of HPHRPs on JP through psychological empowerment. The findings carry critical implications for the practitioners and academics to devise interventions for better work environments.
  20. Wang L, Gong Y, Zhang Q, Sun R, Wong PPW, Zhou WW
    Acta Psychol (Amst), 2024 Dec 03;251:104627.
    PMID: 39632323 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104627
    Few research studies attempt to merge the theory of planned behaviour and value-belief-norm theory in explaining consumers green hotels visits although they may deem to be complementary. This study attempts to merge both theories by investigating the relationships between the different aspects of values, attitudes, norms, perceived behavioural control, awareness of consequence, ascription of responsibility and intention. A total of 596 young responses were collected, and the results showed that altruistic value positively influenced subjective norm, extrinsic attitude and perceived behavioural control. Biospheric value positively influenced extrinsic attitude, intrinsic attitude and perceived behavioural control while collectivistic value positively influenced subjective norm, extrinsic attitude, and intrinsic attitude. A causal effect from extrinsic attitude and intrinsic attitude on awareness of consequence, then on ascription of responsibility, subsequently on personal norm, finally on intention had been found. Subjective norm positively influenced extrinsic attitude, intrinsic attitude, perceived behavioural control and personal norm. Furthermore, perceived behavioural control positively influenced intention. Lastly, theoretical and practical implications and limitations of the study were discussed accordingly.
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