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Fulltext Phenomenological differences of hallucinations between schizophrenic patients in Penang & Kelantan

Azhar MZ, Varma SL, Hakim HR

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Jun;48(2):146-52.
PMID: 8350789

Two hundred and seventy patients with schizophrenia (104 patients in Kelantan and 166 patients in Penang) were interviewed using the Present State Examination to elicit the differences in the phenomenology of their hallucinations. The results indicate that there are significant differences in the phenomenology of hallucinations between the Malays of Penang and Kelantan and also among some Chinese patients. These findings indicate that culture does affect the phenomenology of schizophrenia, even among people of the same race but of different regions.
Fulltext Phenomenological differences of delusions between schizophrenic patients of two cultures of Malaysia

Azhar MZ, Varma SL, Hakim HR

Singapore Med J, 1995 Jun;36(3):273-5.
PMID: 8553090

Two hundred and seventy schizophrenia patients were interviewed using the Present State Examination to elicit the phenomenological symptoms of the illness. Cultural factors and ethnicity were found to be significant variables associated with the symptoms. Higher prevalence of religious and other subculturally related delusions were common in Kelantan patients. Our general belief that Malaysian culture influences symptomatology of mental illness seems to be proven.
Diabetic foot infection and surgical treatment in a secondary health care centre in Malaysia

Ng BW, Muhammad Firdaus A, Mohd Syafiqq Al Hakim HR, Nur Sa'idah MS, Loi KW, Ong KC, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2020 01;75(1):29-32.
PMID: 32008016

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic foot infection is often associated with high morbidity, disability and poor quality of life. This study focuses on the demography, the number of repetitive surgery and length of stay in hospital of patients with diabetic foot infection.
METHOD: This is a retrospective observational study. Patients who were admitted to the Orthopaedic ward of Hospital Segamat (HS), Johor, Malaysia from January 2016 to December 2018 and required surgical intervention were included in the study. Data was collected from the computer system of HS and medical notes of patients.
RESULTS: 35.6% of the total orthopaedic emergency surgeries performed were for patients with diabetic foot infection, 25% of the surgical procedures performed were major amputations of lower limb and 40% of the patients with diabetic foot infection required more than one surgical operation.
DISCUSSION: The demographics of the patients is consistent with the demographics of Malaysia where majority of them are Malays followed by Chinese, Indians and others. Despite being only 10% of total admission to the department, this group of patients contributed to 35.6% of the total emergency surgeries performed. The amputation rate in the centre is comparable to the other local studies. The average length of stay in hospital was found to be shorter compared to overseas due to different rehabilitation protocols.

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