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  1. Fulltext A comparison study of radiation effective dose in ECG-Gated Coronary CT Angiography and calcium scoring examinations performed with a dual-source CT scanner
    Sabarudin A, Siong TW, Chin AW, Hoong NK, Karim MKA
    Sci Rep, 2019 03 13;9(1):4374.
    PMID: 30867480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40758-5
    In this report we have evaluated radiation effective dose received by patients during ECG-gated CCTA examinations based on gender, heart rate, tube voltage protocol and body mass index (BMI). A total of 1,824 patients were retrospectively recruited (1,139 men and 685 women) and they were divided into Group 1 (CCTA with calcium scoring), Group 2 (CCTA without calcium scoring) and Group 3 (only calcium scoring), where the association between gender, heart rate, tube voltage protocol and body mass index (BMI) were analysed. Examinations were performed using a retrospective ECG-gated CCTA protocol and the effective doses were calculated from the dose length product with a conversion coefficient of 0.026 mSv.mGy-1cm-1. No significant differences were observed in the mean effective dose between gender in all groups. The mean estimated dose was significantly higher when the heart rate was lower in Group 1 (p 
  2. Effect of miscentering and low-dose protocols on contrast resolution in computed tomography head examination
    Shaffiq Said Rahmat SM, Abdul Karim MK, Che Isa IN, Abd Rahman MA, Noor NM, Hoong NK
    Comput Biol Med, 2020 08;123:103840.
    PMID: 32658782 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103840
    BACKGROUND: Unoptimized protocols, including a miscentered position, might affect the outcome of diagnostic in CT examinations. In this study, we investigate the effects of miscentering position during CT head examination on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR).

    METHOD: We simulate the CT head examination using a water phantom with a standard protocol (120 kVp/180 mAs) and a low dose protocol (100 kVp/142 mAs). The table height was adjusted to simulate miscentering by 5 cm from the isocenter, where the height was miscentered superiorly (MCS) at 109, 114, 119, and 124 cm, and miscentered inferiorly (MCI) at 99, 94, 89, and 84 cm. Seven circular regions of interest were used, with one drawn at the center, four at the peripheral area of the phantom, and two at the background area of the image.

    RESULTS: For the standard protocol, the mean CNR decreased uniformly as table height increased and significantly differed (p 

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