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Fulltext Can rapid Troponin T be used as a single reliable test in the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction?

Fareeda, J., Waseem, A., Nasreen, G., Javed, S.

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;2(1):101-108.
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Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI), a common cause of mortality and morbidity, needs early and reliable diagnosis. We determined the validity of rapid troponin T (rTropT) in the diagnosis of MI in our local population to know if it can be used as a single diagnostic test.

Method: This was a case control study conducted in patients admitted to ICU/CCU/medical ward in a teaching hospital towards north of Pakistan over a period of six months. Fifty patients were included in study group and 50 in control group, depending on the presence or absence of MI respectively. Patients in control group were age and sex matched. WHO criteria was used for the diagnosis of acute MI. Rapid TropT was performed in study group after establishing the diagnosis of MI and in control group after excluding the diagnosis of acute MI. CK, SGOT, LDH and rTropT were done by Humazyn M test kit Germany, Granutest Merck Germany, monokinetic method and Boehringer Mannheim Germany respectively.

Results: In the study group, 34 (68%) patients were male. Age range was 55-65 years. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of Rapid troponin T were 92% (CI 80.8-97.8), 100% (CI 92.89-100.0), 100% and 92.6% (CI 83.0-96.9) respectively.

Conclusion. Rapid trop T was a reliable marker for the diagnosis of MI in our patients over a prolonged window period of 7 days after MI. So it can be used as a single diagnostic test in our local population avoiding the need to do many other tests.
Fulltext A stochastic total least squares solution of adaptive filtering problem

Javed S, Ahmad NA

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:625280.
PMID: 24688412 DOI: 10.1155/2014/625280

An efficient and computationally linear algorithm is derived for total least squares solution of adaptive filtering problem, when both input and output signals are contaminated by noise. The proposed total least mean squares (TLMS) algorithm is designed by recursively computing an optimal solution of adaptive TLS problem by minimizing instantaneous value of weighted cost function. Convergence analysis of the algorithm is given to show the global convergence of the proposed algorithm, provided that the stepsize parameter is appropriately chosen. The TLMS algorithm is computationally simpler than the other TLS algorithms and demonstrates a better performance as compared with the least mean square (LMS) and normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithms. It provides minimum mean square deviation by exhibiting better convergence in misalignment for unknown system identification under noisy inputs.
Fulltext Fulfilling the promise of digital health interventions (DHI) to promote women's sexual, reproductive and mental health in the aftermath of COVID-19

Chattu VK, Lopes CA, Javed S, Yaya S

Reprod Health, 2021 06 04;18(1):112.
PMID: 34088319 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01168-x
Fulltext Surfactant protein-D, diabetes mellitus, oxidative stress, infections and inflammation on the crossroad: A Systematic review

Javed S, Mohamed M, Altaf B, Ghazali WSW

J Pak Med Assoc, 2024 Mar;74(3):534-543.
PMID: 38591293 DOI: 10.47391/JPMA.9977

OBJECTIVE: To review the association of surfactant protein-D with type 2 diabetes mellitus, infections, oxidative stress and inflammation, and the changes in oxidative stress markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
METHODS: The systematic review was conducted from April to September 2022, and comprised search on PubMed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar databases for relevant studies published in English language between January 1, 2000, and June 30, 2022. The search was updated in September 2022. After transferring literature to Mendeley, relevant data was extracted from the included studies. Quality assessment for eligible studies was done using Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Quality of evidences was assessed by using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool.
RESULTS: Of the 203 studies identified, 18(8.9%) were analysed; 16(89%) with humans and 2(11%) with animals as subjects There were 5 (31.25%) studies for SP-D, of which 4 (80%) studies reported lower surfactant protein-D in type 2 diabetes mellitus cases than controls. Its significant negative association with glycated haemoglobin was reported by 1(20%) study and 2(40%) studies with fasting blood glucose levels. Higher surfactant protein-D in type 2 diabetes mellitus cases and its positive association with glycated haemoglobin was reported by 1(20%) study. Recurrent infections were frequent in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Malondialdehyde level was higher and superoxide dismutase activity was lower in type 2 diabetes mellitus cases, reflecting oxidative stress. Animal studies also showed that reactive oxygen species generating from hypochlorous acid during oxidative stress promoted the formation of non-disulfide linkages in surfactant protein-D structure, resulting in its decreased functionality.
CONCLUSION: Surfactant protein-D, oxidative stress, inflammation and infections were found to be linked to each other for pathogenesis of infections in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Investigating the Association Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Pathological Responses Among Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy

Javed S, Mohamed Noor DA, Md Hanafiah NH, Javed U, Mustafa T, Rehman AU, et al.

J Surg Res, 2024 May 07;299:85-93.
PMID: 38718688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2024.04.001

INTRODUCTION: The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pathological responses after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) is controversial. In this study, we aim to determine the association of pathological responses in breast cancer women with T2DM after receiving NACT.
METHODS: Medical records of breast cancer women with T2DM who received NACT from January 2016 to January 2021 at the medical center in the Gujranwala Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy, Pakistan, were identified and retrieved retrospectively. Variables, including pathological responses, diabetes status, and other clinical data, were collected. Patients were grouped as diabetic and nondiabetic based on the doctor's diagnosis or the diabetic's medication history recorded upon the breast cancer diagnosis. Factors influencing the pathological complete response (pCR) were determined using multivariate logistic regression utilizing IBM SPSS Statistics (version 20).
RESULTS: A total of 1372 patient files who received NACT and breast cancer surgery from January 2016 to January 2021 were selected. Out of 1372 breast cancer women receiving NACT, 345 (25.1%) had pre-existing diabetes, while 1027 (74.85%) were without pre-existing diabetes. The most common molecular subtypes of breast cancer were luminal A and B. Two hundred fifty-eight patients (18.8%) had a pCR after receiving NACT. The pCR in diabetic patients was 3.9%, and in nondiabetes, 14.9%. Most women had a pathological partial response (pPR) after the NACT 672 (48.9%). The pPR in diabetic patients was 11.0%, and in nondiabetic patients, it was 38.0%. In nondiabetics, the odds of achieving pPR increase more than pathological no response after the NACT with odd ratio: 1.71 (95% confidence interval: 1.24-2.37). The probability of pCR in patients with luminal B was 1.67 times higher than that in patients with triple-negative breast cancer with odd ratio: 1.67, 95% confidence interval (1.00-2.79), P = 0.05.
CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study show that T2DM may have an adverse impact on pCR and pPR following NACT and surgery. Further investigation is needed to explore how changes in blood glucose levels over time impact pathological responses.
Fulltext Evaluating CNC Milling Performance for Machining AISI 316 Stainless Steel with Carbide Cutting Tool Insert

Equbal A, Equbal MA, Equbal MI, Ravindrannair P, Khan ZA, Badruddin IA, et al.

Materials (Basel), 2022 Nov 15;15(22).
PMID: 36431537 DOI: 10.3390/ma15228051

The present study investigates the CNC milling performance of the machining of AISI 316 stainless steel using a carbide cutting tool insert. Three critical machining parameters, namely cutting speed (v), feed rate (f) and depth of cut (d), each at three levels, are chosen as input machining parameters. The face-centred central composite design (FCCCD) of the experiment is based on response surface methodology (RSM), and machining performances are measured in terms of material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR). Analysis of variance, response graphs, and three-dimensional surface plots are used to analyse experimental results. Multi-response optimization using the data envelopment analysis based ranking (DEAR) approach is used to find the ideal configuration of the machining parameters for milling AISI 316 SS. The variables v = 220 m/min, f = 0.20 mm/rev and d = 1.2 mm were obtained as the optimal machine parameter setting. Study reveals that MRR is affected dominantly by d followed by v. For SR, f is the dominating factor followed by d. SR is found to be almost unaffected by v. Finally, it is important to state that this work made an attempt to successfully machine AISI 316 SS with a carbide cutting tool insert, to investigate the effect of important machining parameters on MRR and SR and also to optimize the multiple output response using DEAR method.
Fulltext Mechanical Response of Glass-Epoxy Composites with Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles

Uppin VS, Gouda PSS, Kittur MI, Andriyana A, Ang BC, Parveez B, et al.

Materials (Basel), 2022 Nov 30;15(23).
PMID: 36500042 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238545

Graphene-based fillers possess exceptional properties that encourage researchers toward their incorporation in glass-epoxy (GE) polymer composites. Regarding the mechanical and wear properties of glass-epoxy composites, the effect of graphene oxide (GO) reinforced in glass-epoxy was examined. A decrease in tensile modulus and increase in tensile strength was reported for 1 wt. % of GO. A shift in glass transition temperature Tg was observed with the addition of GO. The cross-link density and storage modulus of the composite decreased with the addition of GO. The decrease in dissipation energy and wear rate was reported with the increase in GO concentration. A simple one-dimensional damage model of nonlinear nature was developed to capture the stress-strain behavior of the unfilled and filled glass-epoxy composite. Tensile modulus E, Weibull scale parameter σo, and Weibull shape parameter β were considered to develop the model. Finally, to understand the failure mechanisms in GO-filled composites, a scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination was carried out for tensile fractured composites.
Synthesis and evaluation of coastal and marine biodiversity spatial information in the United Arab Emirates for ecosystem-based management

Mateos-Molina D, Ben Lamine E, Antonopoulou M, Burt JA, Das HS, Javed S, et al.

Mar Pollut Bull, 2021 Jun;167:112319.
PMID: 33845352 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112319

The United Arab Emirates (UAE) host valuable coastal and marine biodiversity that is subjected to multiple pressures under extreme conditions. To mitigate impacts on marine ecosystems, the UAE protects almost 12% of its Exclusive Economic Zone. This study mapped and validated the distribution of key coastal and marine habitats, species and critical areas for their life cycle in the Gulf area of the UAE. We identified gaps in the current protection of these ecological features and assessed the quality of the data used. The overall dataset showed good data quality, but deficiencies in information for the coastline of the north-western emirates. The existing protected areas are inadequate to safeguard key ecological features such as mangroves and coastal lagoons. This study offers a solid basis to understand the spatial distribution and protection of marine biodiversity in the UAE. This information should be considered for implementing effective conservation planning and ecosystem-based management.