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Development and Validation of Psychometric Properties of the 10 IB Learner Profile Instrument (10IBLP-I): A Combination of the Rasch and Classical Measurement Model

Kamaruddin M, Mohd Matore MEE

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 Jun 15;18(12).
PMID: 34203683 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126455

BACKGROUND: The International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme (IBMYP) aims to produce a holistic transformation with creative and critically minded students. However, very little attention has been paid to the development of an instrument to measure the IB learner profile with good psychometric properties.
PURPOSE: This study aims to develop an instrument with good psychometric properties, based on the Rasch measurement model and confirmatory factor analysis.
METHODS: The study consists of two phases of pilot and field studies involving 597 year four students from IBWS MOE.
RESULTS: The findings from the Rasch measurement model analysis have shown that 54 items meet the criteria of the item fit, unidimensionality, and reliability index. Meanwhile, confirmatory factor analysis found that 44 items have shown a valid item fit index.
CONCLUSIONS: The combination of both analyses has shown the strength of 10IBLP-I psychometric properties that cover the aspects of validity and reliability. The findings also provide an implication to the theory, with empirical evidence that the IB learner profile consists of 10 constructs. Besides, the evidenced 10IBLP-I comprises good psychometric properties, which can be used to measure the level of IB learner profile among IBWS MOE students to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of IBMYP in Malaysia.
The application of a computerised recording system to smallholder dairy extension in Malaysia

Abu Hassan MA, Kamaruddin MI, Pharo HJ

Acta Vet Scand Suppl, 1988;84:110-2.
PMID: 3232593
Effect of keratin-gelatin and bFGF-gelatin composite film as a sandwich layer for full-thickness skin mesh graft in experimental dogs

Thilagar S, Jothi NA, Omar AR, Kamaruddin MY, Ganabadi S

J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 2009 Jan;88(1):12-6.
PMID: 18161832

Skin grafts are indicated when there is a major loss of skin. Full-thickness skin graft is an ideal choice to reconstruct defect of irregular surface that is difficult to immobilize. Full-thickness mesh grafts can be applied to patch large skin defect when there is less donor site in extensively traumatized and burned surgical patients. The concept of using natural biomaterials such as keratin, basic fibroblast growth factor is slowly gaining popularity in the field of medical research to achieve early healing. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of gelatin conjoined with keratin processed from the poultry feather and commercially available basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) as a sandwich layer in promoting the viability of full-thickness skin mesh grafts. The efficacy was assessed from the observation of clinical, bacteriological, and histopathological findings in three groups of experimental dogs. The clinical observations such as color, appearance and discharge, and hair growth were selected as criteria which indicated good and early acceptance of graft in keratin-gelatin (group II). On bacteriological examination, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus was identified in few animals. Histopathological study of the patched graft revealed early presences of hair follicles; sebaceous gland, and normal thickness of the epidermis in keratin-gelatin in group II treated animals compared with other group (group I-control, group III-bFGF-gelatin).
Seroprevalence and risk factors for influenza A viruses in pigs in Peninsular Malaysia

Suriya R, Hassan L, Omar AR, Aini I, Tan CG, Lim YS, et al.

Zoonoses Public Health, 2008 Sep;55(7):342-51.
PMID: 18667027 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01138.x

Following a series of H5N1 cases in chickens and birds in a few states in Malaysia, there was much interest in the influenza A viruses subtypes that circulate among the local pig populations. Pigs may act as a mixing vessel for avian and mammal influenza viruses, resulting in new reassorted viruses. This study investigated the presence of antibodies against influenza H1N1 and H3N2 viruses in pigs from Peninsular Malaysia using Herdcheck Swine Influenza H1N1 and H3N2 Antibody Test Kits. At the same time, the presence of influenza virus was examined from the nasal swabs of seropositive pigs by virus isolation and real time RT-PCR. The list of pig farms was obtained from the headquarters of the Department of Veterinary Services, Malaysia, and pig herds were selected randomly from six of 11 states in Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 727 serum and nasal swab samples were collected from 4- to 6-month-old pigs between May and August 2005. By ELISA, the seroprevalences of swine influenza H1N1 and H3N2 among pigs were 12.2% and 12.1% respectively. Seropositivity for either of the virus subtypes was detected in less than half of the 41 sampled farms (41.4%). Combination of both subtypes was detected in 4% of all pigs and in 22% of sampled farms. However, no virus or viral nucleic acid was detected from nasal samples. This study identified that the seropositivity of pigs to H1N1 and H3N2 based on ELISA was significantly associated with factors such as size of farm, importation or purchase of pigs, proximity of farm to other pig farms and the presence of mammalian pets within the farm.
Progress in the use of computerised recording systems in dairy cow monitoring and extension in Malaysia

Pharo HJ, Sopian MJ, Kamaruddin M, Abu Hassan MA, Cheah PF, Choo TW

Trop Anim Health Prod, 1990 May;22(2):77-88.
PMID: 2371756

The emphasis on cow records in Malaysian dairy extension programmes reflects the importance of herd fertility in the economics of dairying. Manual record keeping has not been able to make an impact on management due to difficulties experienced in quality control of the data and in analysing the data to produce useful information for farm managers. Computerised recording systems have been in use in Malaysia since 1985, both on government farms and in the small-holder dairy sector. The aim of both systems is firstly to improve farm efficiency by the provision of information to managers and extension workers and secondly to provide information for departmental planning purposes. The systems used in Malaysia are outlined, and the results over the first three years of operation are summarised.
Fulltext Characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates from broilers in Selangor, Malaysia

Getachew YM, Hassan L, Zakaria Z, Saleha AA, Kamaruddin MI, Che Zalina MZ

Trop Biomed, 2009 Dec;26(3):280-8.
PMID: 20237442 MyJurnal

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is an emerging nosocomial pathogen in humans. The use of antibiotics in human therapy and in the production of food animals has been incriminated in the emergence of this organism. The present study describes the distribution of VRE species, the vancomycin-resistant genes detected, the vancomycin resistance pattern observed, and the genetic diversity of the isolates found in live broiler chickens in Malaysia. Overall 140 VRE were isolated with species comprising Enterococcus faecalis (48%), Enterococcus faecium (25.7%), Enterococcus gallinarum (12.1%), Enterococcus casseliflavus (1.4%) and other Enterococcus species (12.8%). Vancomycin resistance gene vanA and intrinsic genes vanC1 and vanC2/3 were detected in the study population. VanA was detected in 15 (63.9%) of E. faecium, 23 (22.4%) of E. faecalis and in 3 (17.6%) E. gallinarum isolates. E-test was conducted on randomly selected 41 of the isolates and the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of vancomycin for five (11.9%) of tested isolates is more than 256 μg/ml. Genotypic analysis using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) showed genetic diversity within the Enterococcus species.
Fulltext Associated factors of dialysis-dependence among acute kidney injury patients in intensive care unit

Kamaruddin M, Hamid SA, Adnan AS, Naing NN, Wan Adnan WN

Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl, 2019 11 8;30(5):1131-1136.
PMID: 31696852 DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.270269

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in hospitals and many end up requiring dialysis. The aim was to identify the associated factors of dialysis-dependent of AKI patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs). A retrospective cohort study was conducted where a list of 121 AKI patients admitted to ICU in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia was retrospectively reviewed. AKI patients aged below 18 years old, had kidney transplantation or chronic dialysis before ICU admission and had incomplete medical record were excluded from the study. Simple and multiple logistic regression analysis were used. The mean [standard deviation (SD)] age of patients was 56 (17.15) years. Majority of patients were males (63.2%) and Malay ethnic (54.1%). 49.3% of patients were in stage I, 48.3% in stage II and 76.2% in stage III. The mean (SD) duration of patients stayed in ICU was 7 days (6.92) for non-dialysis dependent and 12 days (8.37) for dialysis-dependent. The associated factors were male gender [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 3.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.53, 8.86; P = 0.004], AKI Stage III (adjusted OR: 4.51; 95% CI: 1.28, 15.91; P = 0.019), admitted in ICU (adjusted OR: 3.05; 95% CI: 1.28, 7.29; P = 0.012), and longer length of stay (adjusted OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.18; P = 0.003). The factors influence of dialysis-requiring AKI were observed to be dependent on the male male gender, suffer from the advanced stage (Stage III), admitted to the ICU and had a longer length of stay in ICU. Therefore, it is important for physicians to identify patients who are at high risk of developing AKI and implement preventive strategies.
Fulltext Associations Between Suicidal Behaviour, Attitudes Towards Suicide, and Psychological Distress Among Students in a University in East Malaysia

Kamaruddin MNSB, Hashim NAB, Mohamed SB, Azhari ZIB

East Asian Arch Psychiatry, 2023 Dec;33(4):114-119.
PMID: 38955783 DOI: 10.12809/eaap2342

BACKGROUND: Suicidal behaviour can be influenced by attitudes towards suicide and psychological distress. This study aimed to investigate the associations between psychological distress, attitudes towards suicide, and suicidal behaviour and to determine the prevalence of suicidal behaviour among students of a public university in East Malaysia.
METHODS: A total of 521 students from a public university in East Malaysia were asked to complete the Malay versions of the Suicidal Behaviour Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R), the Attitudes Towards Suicide Scale, and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale.
RESULTS: 197 women and 290 men (mean age, 19.13 years) completed the questionnaires, giving a response rate of 93.4%. The prevalence of high-risk suicidal behaviour (SBQ-R score ≥7) was 23.8%. Suicidal behaviour was positively associated with psychological distress and favourable attitudes towards suicide, and negatively associated with unfavourable attitudes towards suicide. Predictors for suicidal behaviour were psychological distress and favourable attitudes towards suicide ('the ability to understand and accept suicide').
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of suicidal behaviour is high among students in a public university in East Malaysia. Services and education for mental health awareness and screening for early detection and intervention of psychological distress should be provided to university students. Implementation of suicide awareness policies and suicide prevention training is crucial.
Gene-environment interaction in chronic kidney disease among people with type 2 diabetes from The Malaysian Cohort project: a case-control study

Ahmad N, Shah SA, Abdul Gafor AH, Abdul Murad NA, Kamaruddin MA, Abd Jalal N, et al.

Diabet Med, 2020 11;37(11):1890-1901.
PMID: 32012348 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14257

AIM: To examine the possible gene-environment interactions between 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms and environmental factors that could modify the probability of chronic kidney disease.
METHODS: A case-control study was conducted involving 600 people with type 2 diabetes (300 chronic kidney disease cases, 300 controls) who participated in The Malaysian Cohort project. Retrospective subanalysis was performed on the chronic kidney disease cases to assess chronic kidney disease progression from the recruitment phase. We genotyped 32 single nucleotide polymorphisms using mass spectrometry. The probability of chronic kidney disease and predicted rate of newly detected chronic kidney disease progression were estimated from the significant gene-environment interaction analyses.
RESULTS: Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (eNOS rs2070744, PPARGC1A rs8192678, KCNQ1 rs2237895 and KCNQ1 rs2283228) and five environmental factors (age, sex, smoking, waist circumference and HDL) were significantly associated with chronic kidney disease. Gene-environment interaction analyses revealed significant probabilities of chronic kidney disease for sex (PPARGC1A rs8192678), smoking (eNOS rs2070744, PPARGC1A rs8192678 and KCNQ1 rs2237895), waist circumference (eNOS rs2070744, PPARGC1A rs8192678, KCNQ1 rs2237895 and KCNQ1 rs2283228) and HDL (eNOS rs2070744 and PPARGC1A rs8192678). Subanalysis indicated that the rate of newly detected chronic kidney disease progression was 133 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI: 115, 153), with a mean follow-up period of 4.78 (SD 0.73) years. There was a significant predicted rate of newly detected chronic kidney disease progression in gene-environment interactions between KCNQ1 rs2283228 and two environmental factors (sex and BMI).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the gene-environment interactions of eNOS rs2070744, PPARGC1A rs8192678, KCNQ1 rs2237895 and KCNQ1 rs2283228 with specific environmental factors could modify the probability for chronic kidney disease.
Predicting type 2 diabetes using genetic and environmental risk factors in a multi-ethnic Malaysian cohort

Abdullah N, Abdul Murad NA, Mohd Haniff EA, Syafruddin SE, Attia J, Oldmeadow C, et al.

Public Health, 2017 Aug;149:31-38.
PMID: 28528225 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.04.003

OBJECTIVE: Malaysia has a high and rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). While environmental (non-genetic) risk factors for the disease are well established, the role of genetic variations and gene-environment interactions remain understudied in this population. This study aimed to estimate the relative contributions of environmental and genetic risk factors to T2D in Malaysia and also to assess evidence for gene-environment interactions that may explain additional risk variation.
STUDY DESIGN: This was a case-control study including 1604 Malays, 1654 Chinese and 1728 Indians from the Malaysian Cohort Project.
METHODS: The proportion of T2D risk variance explained by known genetic and environmental factors was assessed by fitting multivariable logistic regression models and evaluating McFadden's pseudo R(2) and the area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC). Models with and without the genetic risk score (GRS) were compared using the log likelihood ratio Chi-squared test and AUCs. Multiplicative interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors was assessed via logistic regression within and across ancestral groups. Interactions were assessed for the GRS and its 62 constituent variants.
RESULTS: The models including environmental risk factors only had pseudo R(2) values of 16.5-28.3% and AUC of 0.75-0.83. Incorporating a genetic score aggregating 62 T2D-associated risk variants significantly increased the model fit (likelihood ratio P-value of 2.50 × 10(-4)-4.83 × 10(-12)) and increased the pseudo R(2) by about 1-2% and AUC by 1-3%. None of the gene-environment interactions reached significance after multiple testing adjustment, either for the GRS or individual variants. For individual variants, 33 out of 310 tested associations showed nominal statistical significance with 0.001
Elevated serum soluble programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) level correlate with clinical characteristics in breast cancer patients: A study at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia

Amira Khairil Anwar N, Najmi Mohd Nazri M, Rosliza Mohd Adzemi E, Amilda Anthony A, Mohd Azlan M, Balakrishnan V, et al.

Cytokine, 2024 Jul 22;182:156698.
PMID: 39042994 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156698

BACKGROUND: Elevated serum levels of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) have been reported in many cancers; however, there is limited data of sPD-L1 in breast cancer, especially those representing Asian (Malay) women. The purpose of this study was to evaluate sPD-L1 serum levels and analyze its correlation with clinical characteristics in breast cancer patients at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM).
METHODS: Blood specimens were obtained from 92 malignant, 16 benign breast cancer patients and 23 healthy controls. The serum concentrations of sPD-L1 were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
RESULTS: The median serum sPD-L1 concentration of malignant and benign breast cancer patients was significantly elevated compared to the healthy cohorts (12.50 ng/mL vs 13.97 ng/mL vs 8.75 ng/mL, p

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