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  1. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Case Series From a Tertiary State Hospital in Malaysia and a Review of Current Literature
    Khaw JY, Gan WF, Chong HC, Lau NS, Wan Yusof WA
    Cureus, 2024 Jun;16(6):e61636.
    PMID: 38966453 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61636
    INTRODUCTION: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a lethal emergency. Delays in diagnosis and treatment are detrimental to the health of patients. Classical clinical manifestations of HLH include fever, cytopenia, liver dysfunction, central nervous system involvement, and coagulopathy.

    METHODS: We report seven cases of secondary HLH in adults diagnosed from a total of 1200 bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy (BMAT) examinations in our center, with various presentations and underlying triggers including infection, malignancy, and autoimmune disease.

    RESULTS: HLH can present with non-specific signs and symptoms.

    CONCLUSION: Early recognition of HLH is crucial to enable the commencement of therapy as early as possible to prevent mortality resulting from multi-organ failure.

  2. Utilizing medical thoracoscopy for the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma presenting with pleural effusion: A case series
    Huan NC, Ng KL, Nyanti LE, Khaw JY, Lee JH, Mohd Aminudin NH, et al.
    Respirol Case Rep, 2024 Nov;12(11):e70061.
    PMID: 39563685 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.70061
    A third of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) develop pleural effusion during the disease course for various reasons. In most cases, lymphoma-related pleural effusion is a manifestation of widespread systemic disease, signifying a high tumour burden and therefore, a poorer prognosis. On the other hand, primary pleural lymphomas (PPLs) exhibit exclusive or dominant involvement of serous cavities, without detectable solid tumour masses. PPL is an uncommon disease and is of two types: primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with chronic inflammation (DLBCL-CI). PPLs not related to PELs and DLBCL-CIs are exceedingly rare. Herein, we describe four patients with biopsy proven B-cell NHL. One had no extra-pleural involvement at the time of diagnosis, indicating PPL. In all cases, histopathological examination of pleural biopsies obtained via medical thoracoscopy (MT) were crucial in clinching the final diagnosis. Clinicians are alerted to the potential relationship between exudative effusion and NHL as well as the role of MT in the diagnosis of B-cell NHL.
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