The current Internet revolution has changed the entrepreneurial opportunities and trends. This study explores the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics (e.g., innovation, leadership, planning, and sociability) and the performance of entrepreneurial vloggers in India. In addition, this study considers the mediating effect of entrepreneurial intentions. This study is cross-sectional, and it considered 128 entrepreneurial vloggers for the analysis. The SmartPLS application was used to estimate the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis for the estimation of reliability and validity along with the path relationship. The findings are more important as the entrepreneurial characteristics can meaningfully predict the performance of entrepreneurial vloggers in a positive direction. Moreover, the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics and the performance of entrepreneurs is partially mediated by entrepreneurial intentions. These findings have important implications for vloggers in Indian or other countries with similar nature. This study has also put some future research directions at the end.
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been demonstrated as promising alternatives to conventional entrainers in separation of azeotropic mixtures mostly investigating phase equilibrium and process design scenarios. However, proper selection of ILs for a specific task always remains challenging. Hence a simulation tool, i.e. conductor like screening model for real solvents (COSMO-RS) was applied to address this challenge. Furthermore, screened ILs were simulated as entrainers for ethanol water separation by extractive distillation. The current study also aims to demonstrate a systematic approach to retrofit existing processes, by employing ILs as green entrainers. Screening of twenty-five (25) ILs was carried out using COSMO-RS to select suitable ILs as green entrainers based on activity coefficient, capacity and selectivity. Results illustrated that tetramethylammonium chloride ([TMAm][Cl]) due to its strong hydrogen bonding ability was found to be the best ILs entrainer. Moreover, in order to reduce the operating costs without compromising desired product purity (ethanol purity ≥99.5% in top product), the selected ILs (8 kg/h) in a mixture with ethylene glycol (72 kg/h) were simulated using Aspen plus v.11. The simulation results revealed that by combining tetramethylammonium chloride (2 kg/h) with ethylene glycol (78 kg/h) reduced 7.26 tons of CO2 emissions/year through heat integration by saving 1.49*108 kJ/year energy besides minimizing operating costs. In conclusion, the systematic selection of ILs as green entrainers in combination with ethylene glycol and then the appropriate simulation of the whole system will ultimately reduce the cost of the separation process and reduce the emission of greenhouse gases as well utilization of toxic conventional entrainers.
In order to ensure optimal performance of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) across many technical applications, it is imperative to minimize torque fluctuations and reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) in stator currents. Hence, this study proposes the utilization of an adaptive flux estimator (AFE) in conjunction with an Intelligent Hybrid Controller (IHC) to mitigate the ripples and total harmonic distortion (THD). The IHC system is constructed by integrating PI and fuzzy logic controllers (FLC) in a cascade configuration, alongside a new switching unit that facilitates automatic switching between the two controllers during various operations of the PMSM. AFE estimates accurate flux which is required to achieve ripple free high dynamic performance of the PMSM drive by using a limiter to fix the flux at reference flux value of the drive. The proposed controller with AFE has achieved its originality through the refinement of membership functions located at the center of the universe of discourse (UOD) and the enhancement of the switching function. These improvements have resulted in increased sensitivity in the proximity to the reference speed. The Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) demonstrates superior performance when operating in a transient state, whereas the Proportional-Integral (PI) controller of the proposed system exhibits satisfactory performance under steady-state situations. The efficacy of AFE with IHC is substantiated by the simulation and experimental analysis reported in this study. A significant reduction in both total harmonics distortion (THD) and torque ripples are found.