Ovarian cancer is one of the highest causes of death among female population in Malaysia. A retrospective cohort study among 127 ovarian cancer patients registered in one of the teaching hospital in Malaysia was conducted from 1st January 2002 until 31st December 2011. The objective of this study was to determine the median survival time, five year survival probability and prognostic factors of ovarian cancer patients. Only ovarian cancer patients were selected with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier Survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. The results showed that the overall five-year survival probability of ovarian cancer was 35.2% (95%CI: 26.3, 44.3) with 38 month (95%CI: 25.7, 50.1) median survival time. After adjustment for potential cofounder, significant prognostic factors of ovarian cancer were observed in FIGO stage (HR: 2.53; 1.44, 4.45), loss of appetite (HR: 1.95; 1.23, 3.11) and presence of pleural effusion (HR: 1.98; 1.19, 3.30). Overall, the survival probabilities of ovarian cancer were low and further actions must be taken to improve the survival among advanced cancer patients
This study identified caries-free associated factors and conducted multivariable projections of the caries-free prevalence until 2030 among six-, 12-, and 16-year-old schoolchildren in Malaysia. It was a secondary data analysis of caries-free prevalence and potential associated factors obtained from the Health Information Management System (HIMS), Department of Statistics Malaysia (DOSM), and Food Balance Sheets (FBS). Multiple linear regression and regression with ARMA errors were employed to determine the associated factors and predict the caries-free prevalence from 2019 or 2020 until 2030 for the six-, 12-, and 16-year-old groups, respectively. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and household income, sugar consumption, and water fluoridation were significantly associated with caries-free status, with the most impactful in all age groups being water fluoridation. With the projected values of the associated factors, the caries-free prevalence in schoolchildren of all age groups in Malaysia is predicted to increase in the next decade. Similar to the past decade, the prevalence trend will remain the highest among the 12-year-olds and the lowest among six-year-olds. Caries-free prevalence was predicted to increase by 9.10%, 15.52%, and 15.10% in the six-, 12-, and 16-year-old groups, respectively. The prevalence multiplied the highest at four times greater than in the past ten years among 16-year-olds, compared with less than 2% in the six- and 12-year-old groups. In conclusion, by factoring in economic factors, sugar consumption, water fluoridation, and age groups, the caries-free prevalence of schoolchildren in Malaysia is projected to increase at different rates in the next decade until 2030. Thus, strategic oral health plans to recognise effective promotion programmes and strengthen others for each age group are crucial.