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Different pontic design for porcelain fused to metal fixed dental prosthesis: Contemporary guidelines and practice by general dental practitioners

Raza Kazmi SM, Iqbal Z, Muneer MU, Riaz S, Zafar MS

Eur J Dent, 2018 8 28;12(3):375-379.
PMID: 30147402 DOI: 10.4103/ejd.ejd_232_18

Objective: The current study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of pontic design selection by the general dental practitioners (GDPs) in the light of contemporary guidelines.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among the GDPs of Karachi. A questionnaire was designed to collect data from 100 GDPs. The questionnaire included general/demographic information (practitioner's education, experience, and place of practice) and an average number of fixed prosthesis constructed by the GDP. The questionnaire was further categorized to evaluate the knowledge/practice of pontic design selection and latest recommendations.
Results: For the maxillary anterior segment, the ridge lap pontic was the most common (32%) followed by the modified ridge lap (28%). In the maxillary posterior segment, the ridge lap pontic was the most common (37%) followed by sanitary design (34%). For the mandibular anterior segment, the modified ridge lap (50%) was the most common followed by ridge lap pontic (17%). In case of the mandibular posterior segment, the sanitary design (34%) was the most common followed by ridge lap pontic (30%).
Conclusions: The pontic design selection for the fixed prosthesis is a neglected domain. The contemporary guidelines are not followed with full spirit by the GDPs leading to wide variations in the pontic design selection.
Fulltext Magnetic Properties of Polyvinyl Alcohol and Doxorubicine Loaded Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Anticancer Drug Delivery Applications

Nadeem M, Ahmad M, Akhtar MS, Shaari A, Riaz S, Naseem S, et al.

PLoS One, 2016;11(6):e0158084.
PMID: 27348436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158084

The current study emphasizes the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and impact of hydrophilic polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating concentration as well as anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) loading on saturation magnetization for target drug delivery applications. Iron oxide nanoparticles particles were synthesized by a reformed version of the co-precipitation method. The coating of polyvinyl alcohol along with doxorubicin loading was carried out by the physical immobilization method. X-ray diffraction confirmed the magnetite (Fe3O4) structure of particles that remained unchanged before and after polyvinyl alcohol coating and drug loading. Microstructure and morphological analysis was carried out by transmission electron microscopy revealing the formation of nanoparticles with an average size of 10 nm with slight variation after coating and drug loading. Transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive, and Fourier transform infrared spectra further confirmed the conjugation of polymer and doxorubicin with iron oxide nanoparticles. The room temperature superparamagnetic behavior of polymer-coated and drug-loaded magnetite nanoparticles were studied by vibrating sample magnetometer. The variation in saturation magnetization after coating evaluated that a sufficient amount of polyvinyl alcohol would be 3 wt. % regarding the externally controlled movement of IONPs in blood under the influence of applied magnetic field for in-vivo target drug delivery.
Uptake and clearance analysis of Technetium99m labelled iron oxide nanoparticles in a rabbit brain

Nadeem M, Ahmad M, Saeed MA, Shaari A, Riaz S, Naseem S, et al.

IET Nanobiotechnol, 2015 Jun;9(3):136-41.
PMID: 26023157 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2014.0012

Nanoparticles as solid colloidal particles are extensively studied and used as anticancer drug delivery agents because of their physical properties. This current research aims to prepare water base suspension of uncoated iron oxide nanoparticles and their biodistribution study to different organs, especially the brain, by using a single photon emission computed tomography gamma camera. The water-based suspension of iron oxide nanoparticles was synthesised by a reformed version of the co-precipitation method and labelled with Tc99m for intravenous injection. The nanoparticles were injected without surface modification. X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques were used for characterisation. Peaks of XRD and EDS indicate that the particles are magnetite and exist in aqueous suspension. The average diameter of iron oxide nanoparticles without any surface coating determined by TEM is 10 nm. These particles are capable of evading the reticuloendothelial system and can cross the blood-brain barrier in the rabbit. The labelling efficiency of iron oxide nanoparticles labelled with Tc99m is 85%, which is good for the biodistribution study. The sufficient amount of iron oxide nanoparticles concentration in the brain as compared with the surrounding soft tissues and their long blood retention time indicates that the water-based suspension of iron oxide nanoparticles may be an option for drug delivery into the brain.
Fulltext Exploring Implications of Risk Communication Strategies in Diminishing Adversities of Misinformation and Disinformation Against Hepatitis Vaccination in Global South

Mehdi M, Raza SH, Yousaf M, Li B, Zaman U, Riaz S

Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 2025;18:1133-1145.
PMID: 40190730 DOI: 10.2147/RMHP.S501423

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Concern over the low hepatitis immunization rates is growing. It is generally believed that misinformation and disinformation are the main barriers to the success of mass immunization campaigns. This study intends to investigate the matter of online misinformation and disinformation about hepatitis vaccination and its implications.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: The researchers employed a cross-sectional research design vis-à-vis a web-based survey method to collect data. Data were collected from a nationally representative sample of 1931 internet users across Pakistan. Participation in the study was voluntary. Data collection continued for four months, from Mar 1, 2024, to Jun 30, 2024.
RESULTS: The "results" of structural equation modeling show that misinformation and disinformation substantially structure risk perception regarding hepatitis, which, in turn, impacts problem recognition, involvement recognition, and constraint recognition. Besides, the outcomes uncovered that the chain of problem identification impacts situational motivation, which drives risk communication behaviors. Also, these risk communication behaviors are closely linked to individuals' motivation to receive the hepatitis vaccine.
CONCLUSION: This research concludes that managing misinformation and disinformation via strategically designed, valid, and reliable digital interventions improves the public's active response regarding willingness to get vaccinated against hepatitis. This study contributes to increasing public acceptance of the hepatitis vaccine by utilizing reliable and valid digital interventions to achieve a more active public health response.
Potential use of the cusp and crown areas of the maxillary posterior teeth measured with a two-dimensional stereomicroscope for sex determination

Riaz S, Khamis MFB, Ahmad WMABW, Abdullah JY, Alam MK

Forensic Sci Med Pathol, 2024 Jun;20(2):452-461.
PMID: 37202588 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-023-00651-0

In this study, we aimed to compare the cusp and crown areas of the maxillary first premolar (PM1), second premolar (PM2), and first molar (M1) in males and females in the Malay population and to formulate sex prediction models. For this purpose, the maxillary posterior teeth of 176 dental cast samples (from 88 males and 88 females) were selected and transformed to two-dimensional digital models using 2D-Hirox KH-7700. Cusp and crown area measurements were obtained using Hirox software by tracing the outermost circumference of the tooth cusps. Statistical analysis included independent t-tests, logistic regression analysis, and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves as well as determination of sensitivity and specificity; analysis was performed with SPSS version 26.0. The significance threshold was set at 0.05. All crown and cusp area measurements were significantly larger in males than in females (p
Fulltext Caring for Patients With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease: Dietary Options and Conservative Care Instead of Maintenance Dialysis

Kalantar-Zadeh K, Bellizzi V, Piccoli GB, Shi Y, Lim SK, Riaz S, et al.

J Ren Nutr, 2023 Jul;33(4):508-519.
PMID: 36796502 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2023.02.002

An expert advisory board discussed the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with a focus on dietary options. This is timely, given the uptake of value based models for kidney care in the United States. Timing of dialysis start is influenced by patients' clinical status and complex patient-clinician interactions. Patients value personal freedom and quality of life and may want to delay dialysis, whilst physicians are sometimes more concerned with clinical outcomes. Kidney-preserving therapy can prolong the dialysis-free period and preserve residual kidney function, thus patients are asked to adjust their lifestyle and diet, to follow a low- or very low-protein diet, with or without ketoacid analogues. Multi-modal approaches include pharmacotherapies, management of symptoms, and a gradual, individualized dialysis transition. Patient empowerment is vital, including CKD education and involvement in decision making. These ideas may help patients, their families, and clinical teams to improve the management of CKD.