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Effect of dietary ascorbate on lipogenesis and lipolysis activities in black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii

Ji H, Om AD, Yoshimatsu T, Umino T, Nakagawa H, Sakamoto S

Fish Physiol Biochem, 2010 Sep;36(3):749-755.
PMID: 19685218 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-009-9349-z

To assess the effect of dietary ascorbate on lipid metabolism, 1-year black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) were reared on a casein-based purified diet and an ascorbate fortified diet (1,100 mg of L: -ascorbyl-2- monophosphate-Mg/kg diet). The fortified ascorbate was effectively incorporated into the fish body and elevated muscle carnitine content. Fortifications of dietary ascorbate depressed activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase as lipogenic enzymes in the hepatopancreas and intraperitoneal fat body. Starvation after feeding experiment activated carnitine palmitoyltransferase as a lipolysis enzyme in the hepatopancreas in both control and vitamin C(VC) groups, while the lipolysis activity was significantly higher in VC group. These results confirmed that dietary ascorbate depressed lipogenesis and activated lipolysis, i.e., influenced the lipid metabolism of black sea bream.
Fulltext Pearls and Pitfalls of Phrenic Nerve Transfer for Shoulder Reconstruction in Brachial Plexus Injury

Doi K, Sem SH, Ghanghurde B, Hattori Y, Sakamoto S

J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj, 2021 Jan;16(1):e1-e9.
PMID: 33584849 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1722979

Objectives The purpose of this study was to report the functional outcomes of phrenic nerve transfer (PNT) to suprascapular nerve (SSN) for shoulder reconstruction in brachial plexus injury (BPI) patients with total and C5-8 palsies, and its pulmonary complications. Methods Forty-four out of 127 BPI patients with total and C5-8 palsies who underwent PNT to SSN for shoulder reconstruction were evaluated for functional outcomes in comparison with other types of nerve transfers. Their pulmonary function was analyzed using vital capacity in the percentage of predicted value and Hugh-Jones (HJ) breathless classification. The predisposing factors to develop pulmonary complications in those patients were examined as well. Results PNT to SSN provided a better shoulder range of motion significantly as compared with nerve transfer from C5 root and contralateral C7. The results between PNT and spinal accessory nerve transfer to SSN were comparable in all directions of shoulder motions. There were no significant respiratory symptoms in majority of the patients including six patients who were classified into grade 2 HJ breathlessness grading. Two predisposing factors for poorer pulmonary performance were identified, which were age and body mass index, with cut-off values of younger than 32 years old and less than 23, respectively. Conclusions PNT to SSN can be a reliable reconstructive procedure in restoration of shoulder function in BPI patients with total or C5-8 palsy. The postoperative pulmonary complications can be prevented with vigilant patient selection.
Contralateral Obturator Nerve to Femoral Nerve Transfer for Restoration of Knee Extension After Acute Flaccid Myelitis: A Case Report

Doi K, Sem SH, Hattori Y, Sakamoto S, Hayashi K, Maruyama A

JBJS Case Connect, 2019 Dec;9(4):e0073.
PMID: 31850914 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.CC.19.00073

CASE: A 7-year-old boy presented with left femoral and obturator nerves (ONs) palsy after an asthmatic attack with a viral prodrome, and his right lower limb was unaffected. He was diagnosed with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) after positive spinal magnetic resonance imaging findings. After contralateral ON to femoral nerve transfer (CONFNT), his left quadriceps was reinnervated at 5.5 months, full knee extension was recovered at 14 months, and good functional outcomes were achieved at 31 months.
CONCLUSIONS: This first clinical report on CONFNT demonstrated a feasible good alternative in treating young patients with AFM with unilateral L2-L4 palsy and short duration of deficit.
Fulltext Surgical Reconstruction for Upper-Extremity Paralysis Following Acute Flaccid Myelitis

Doi K, Sem SH, Hattori Y, Sakamoto S, Hayashi K, De la Red-Gallego MA

JB JS Open Access, 2019 10 24;4(4):e0030.
PMID: 32043059 DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.OA.19.00030

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a debilitating illness that is defined by the sudden onset of flaccid paralysis in the extremities with spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrating a longitudinal lesion confined to the gray matter. The purpose of this study was to report the types of upper-extremity palsy and outcomes of surgical reconstruction in patients with AFM.
Methods: Eight patients with a median age at onset of 3.8 years (range, 2.3 to 9.9 years) were identified. There was loss of shoulder abduction and external rotation in all patients, loss of elbow flexion in 5 patients, complete or partial loss of hand function in 3 patients, and spinal accessory nerve palsy in 2 patients. All patients underwent surgical reconstruction, which was categorized into 3 main groups: nerve transfer, secondary muscle transfer, and free muscle transfer.
Results: The median follow-up period was 39 months (range, 30 to 94 months). Four patients obtained ≥90° of shoulder abduction whereas the other 4 patients had shoulder abduction of ≤70°. The 5 patients who received free muscle transfer or nerve transfer to restore elbow function obtained ≥140° of elbow flexion. Two patients treated with free muscle transfer to restore finger function obtained satisfactory total active motion of the fingers (180°).
Conclusions: The patterns of paralysis and the strategy and outcomes of surgical reconstruction for patients with AFM differed from those for traumatic and obstetric brachial plexus palsy. All patients had loss of shoulder abduction, and 2 had spinal accessory nerve palsy. Restoration of shoulder function was unpredictable and depended on the quality of the donor nerves and recovery of synergistic muscles. Restoration of elbow and hand function was more consistent and satisfactory.
Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete list of levels of evidence.
Fulltext Development and validation of the 22-item Tarumi's Modern-Type Depression Trait Scale: Avoidance of Social Roles, Complaint, and Low Self-Esteem (TACS-22)

Kato TA, Katsuki R, Kubo H, Shimokawa N, Sato-Kasai M, Hayakawa K, et al.

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 2019 Aug;73(8):448-457.
PMID: 30900331 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12842

AIM: Understanding premorbid personality is important, especially when considering treatment selection. Historically, the premorbid personality of patients with major depression in Japan was described as Shuchaku-kishitsu [similar to Typus melancholicus], as proposed by Shimoda in the 1930s. Since around 2000, there have been increased reports in Japan of young adults with depression who have had premorbid personality differing from the traditional type. In 2005, Tarumi termed this novel condition 'dysthymic-type depression,' and more recently the condition has been called Shin-gata/Gendai-gata Utsu-byo [modern-type depression (MTD)]. We recently developed a semi-structured diagnostic interview to evaluate MTD. Development of a tool that enables understanding of premorbid personality in a short time, especially at the early stage of treatment, is desirable. The object of this study was to develop a self-report scale to evaluate the traits of MTD, and to assess the scale's psychometric properties, diagnostic accuracy, and biological validity.
METHODS: A sample of 340 participants from clinical and community settings completed measures. Psychometric properties were assessed with factor analysis. Diagnostic accuracy of the MTD traits was compared against a semi-structured interview.
RESULTS: The questionnaire contained 22 items across three subscales, thus we termed it the 22-item Tarumi's Modern-Type Depression Trait Scale: Avoidance of Social Roles, Complaint, and Low Self-Esteem (TACS-22). Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity were all satisfactory. Among patients with major depression, the area under the curve was 0.757 (sensitivity of 63.1% and specificity of 82.9%) and the score was positively correlated with plasma tryptophan.
CONCLUSION: The TACS-22 possessed adequate psychometric properties and diagnostic accuracy in an initial sample of Japanese adults. Additional research on its ability to support clinical assessment of MTD is warranted.
The harmful raphidophyte Chattonella (Raphidophyceae) in Western Pacific: Its red tides and associated fisheries damage over the past 50 years (1969-2019)

Lum WM, Benico G, Doan-Nhu H, Furio E, Leaw CP, Leong SCY, et al.

Harmful Algae, 2021 07;107:102070.
PMID: 34456025 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2021.102070

Red tides and associated fisheries damage caused by the harmful raphidophyte Chattonella were reassessed based on the documented local records for 50 years to understand the distribution and economic impacts of the harmful species in the Western Pacific. Blooms of Chattonella with fisheries damage have been recorded in East Asia since 1969, whereas they have been only recorded in Southeast Asia since the 1980s. Occurrences of Chattonella have been documented from six Southeast Asian countries, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam, with mass mortalities mainly of farmed shrimp in 1980-1990s, and farmed fish in 2000-2010s. These occurrences have been reported with the names of C. antiqua, C. marina, C. ovata, C. subsalsa and Chattonella sp., owing to the difficulty of microscopic species identification, and many were not supported with molecular data. To determine the distribution of C. marina complex and C. subsalsa in Southeast Asia, molecular phylogeny and microscopic observation were also carried out for cultures obtained from Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan, Philippines, Russia, Singapore and Thailand. The results revealed that only the genotype of C. marina complex has been detected from East Asia (China, Japan, Korea and Russia), whereas both C. marina complex (Indonesia and Malaysia) and C. subsalsa (Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) were found in Southeast Asia. Ejection of mucocysts has been recognized as a diagnostic character of C. subsalsa, but it was also observed in our cultures of C. marina isolated from Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan, and Russia. Meanwhile, the co-occurrences of the two harmful Chattonella species in Southeast Asia, which are difficult to distinguish solely based on their morphology, suggest the importance of molecular identification of Chattonella genotypes for further understanding of their distribution and negative impacts.