Materials and Methods: An electronic search of three databases; PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost was conducted using the keywords "hypnosis or hypnotherapy" AND "dentistry or dental" between the year 2000 and 2020. A total of 19 studies were selected based on eligibility. Data extracted were study subject, design of study, parameters used to assess, type of hypnosis script used and the study outcome.
Results: The studies show that hypnosis is effective in pain management and dental anxiety. It can also be used for improving compliance in patients who are wearing orthodontic appliances (Trakyali et al, 2008) and reducing salivary flow during dental treatment (Satlz et al, 2014).
Conclusion: Hypnosis has the potential to be a useful tool in the management of children and adults.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving clinical assessment with 413 schoolchildren aged between 8.1 and 11.9 years was conducted in 2018. All the presenting malocclusion was listed and graded based on a few dental guidelines to produce the draft index. The validity and reliability of the draft index were tested using twenty study models. Face and content validation was carried out using the content validation index and Modified Kappa Statistics.
RESULTS: Fourteen dental and occlusal anomalies were identified as components of malocclusion and three grades of referral (monitor, standard, urgent) were included in the final index. The scale-level content validity index average value of 0.86 and 0.87 was obtained for content and face validation, respectively. There was moderate to excellent agreement in the Modified Kappa Statistics for both validations. Excellent inter- and intra-assessor agreement was obtained. The new index displayed valid and reliable scores.
CONCLUSIONS: The Index for Interceptive Orthodontics Referral was developed and validated for the dental frontliners to identify and prioritize the developing malocclusion in children based on its severity and refer for orthodontic consultation to increase the possibility for interceptive orthodontics.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases and a manual search of articles from 2009 to 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical efficacy trials (nonrandomized) were performed. Methodological quality and risk of bias (RoB) of included papers was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool 2.0 for RCTs and ROBINS-I (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions) tool for nonrandomized studies.
RESULTS: A total of 352 titles and abstracts were reviewed. Eight RCTs and three clinical efficiency studies were included in this review. The masking effects of the demineralized enamel lesion were reported immediately after resin infiltration, and the color stability of this material was up to 24 months, with no adverse effects noted. For RCTs, four studies were classified as "some concerns" and four were as "low RoB." For nonrandomized studies, all of the studies presented an overall moderate RoB.
CONCLUSION: Resin infiltration achieves the best esthetic outcomes compared with microabrasion and remineralization therapy. Color stability was achieved with this material for up to 24 months and no adverse effects were noted. Factors contributing to the esthetic outcomes of the resin include the elimination of the hypermineralized surface layer, the homogeneity of the resin itself, and polishing after resin infiltration. Longitudinal follow-up and improved control of confounding variables should characterize future high-quality systematic reviews.
BACKGROUND: Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) prevalence in paediatric patients has been widely studied. However, most of the available studies have utilised criteria that did not offer consistent diagnostic and calibration tools, which resulted in incomparable results.
METHODS: Cross-sectional study. One hundred sixty-two school children aged 7-9 years in the city of Fujairah, UAE have been randomly selected and orally examined for the presence of MIH lesions. This was conducted following Ghanim et al. [2015] guidelines and after calibrating examiners following Ghanim et al. [2017] training manual.
CONCLUSION: MIH prevalence was high in the city of Fujairah, UAE. More studies utilising the standardised criteria are required for valid comparisons. Further research on the aetiology of MIH is also needed.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was performed in four databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science) and manual searching from 2009 to December 2022. Eligibility criteria included in vitro studies pertaining to factors affecting the penetration depth of resin infiltration into the enamel. The risk of bias assessment was done by using checklist for reporting in vitro studies (CRIS).
RESULTS: The initial search resulted in a total of 297 studies. Twenty-nine were assessed for eligibility, and 23 were selected in the qualitative synthesis. According to the CRIS guidelines, all of the studies were classified as moderate risk of bias. The penetration of resin infiltration is influenced by the enamel surface treatment with hydrochloric acid, formulations containing triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), the addition of ethanol, penetration time, duration of penetration time, saliva contamination, caries activity, and type of tooth. The hypermineralized surface layer needs to be removed for better resin perfusion.
CONCLUSION: The key to optimal resin infiltration depends on the enamel surface treatment with hydrochloric acid and application technique, infiltration duration, formulation of TEGDMA and ethanol in the resin composition, as well as the type and caries activity of involved teeth. Resin infiltration has superior penetrability compared to fissure sealant, casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplexes, flowable composite, adhesive and fluoride varnish. Resin penetration depth may be a critical factor in forming a diffusion barrier and the effectiveness of infiltration in halting the progression of caries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 162 children between the ages of 7 and 9 years were included in this retrospective study, as were their respective parents; the children were examined for MIH while questionnaires centering on stress and family functioning were given to the parents. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and independent samples T-test.
RESULTS: A significant correlation between stress as a contributing factor and MIH was concluded; children with higher stress scores had higher occurrences of MIH. On the contrary, family functioning quality was not found to have a direct correlation with MIH.
CONCLUSIONS: Stress is correlated to MIH and is potentially one of the main causal factors that contribute to the development of the defect.
AIM: To determine the incremental and total enamel loss when enamel surfaces are exposed to multiple etching cycles and to assess the relative attenuation coefficient after multiple etching cycles and resin infiltration treatment.
METHODS: Ninety extracted sound human premolars teeth were divided into 9 groups (n = 10); with each consecutive group having one additional etching cycle up to 9 cycles. The teeth were scanned with optical coherence tomography and enamel loss and attenuation coefficient were measured with MATLAB software. Enamel loss (one-way ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05) and attenuation coefficient (two-way ANOVA, p ≤ 0.05) were statistically analyzed.
RESULTS: There was a significant total enamel loss of more than 33% found at the 7th etching cycle and more. There was no statistically significant difference in the incremental mean depth of penetration of resin between various etching cycles (F(8, 134) = [2.016], one-way ANOVA, p = 0.185).
CONCLUSION: This study recommends that etching should not be repeated more than seven cycles to prevent excessive enamel loss. Following eight etching cycles, resin infiltration penetration appears approximately equal to that of healthy enamel.
PURPOSE: To assess the relationship between MIH and caries experience among children in the city of Fujairah, UAE, utilising the recent criteria recommended by the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) in 2021, and to assess the relationship between the number of teeth affected with MIH, and dental caries.
METHODS: One hundred and sixty-two children were included in this cross-sectional study, aged 7-9 years old. Children were examined for MIH according to Ghanim et al. (Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 16:235-246, 2015. 10.1007/s40368-015-0178-8) criteria and Ghanim et al. (Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 18:225-242. 10.1007/s40368-017-0293-92017) training manual. Caries experience was assessed with decayed, missing, filled (dmft, DMFT) scoring system.
RESULTS: dmft mean was 6.56 (SD ± 3.78) and DMFT mean was 0.91 (SD ± 1.23). Children with MIH had significantly higher dmft (p = 0.003) scores. Children with higher HTN had significantly higher dmft (p = 0.008) scores.
CONCLUSION: Children in Fujairah have extremely high caries scores. Children with MIH have more decayed, missing and filled teeth. Hypomineralised teeth number was positively associated with caries experience.
METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched using the keywords "EBV or Epstein Barr virus and Oral cancer or Oral squamous cell carcinoma" for published case-control studies in the English language upto August 2019.
RESULTS: The search yielded 985 articles out of which 966 articles were excluded by screening their titles and abstracts as they were irrelevant or duplicates. Based on the full-text assessment of the remaining 19 articles, only 7 satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis, out of which only 4 were compatible to be included in the meta-analysis. The diagnostic modalities used included immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. The diagnostic targets included latent membrane protein (LMP)-1, EBV determined nuclear antigen-1, EBV-encoded small non-polyadenylated RNA-2. The meta-analysis showed that there is an association between the EBV and OSCC.
CONCLUSIONS: Determining the association of EBV with OSCC is highly tedious due to the contrasting data obtained from individuals' studies which in turn is due to the wide variations in the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic modalities used and diagnostic targets selected. Although the meta-analysis revealed an association between EBV and OSCC, the number and the quality of the studies included in the meta-analysis are limited, thus the association requires further validation for any conclusive inference.