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  1. Lam WYH, Tse AKL, Tew IM, Man WHC, Botelho MG, Pow EHN
    J Dent, 2020 06;97:103343.
    PMID: 32339601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103343
    OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to examine the tooth wear status of nasopharyngeal-carcinoma (NPC) patients who had received radiotherapy at least 5-year previously, and to investigate the salivary parameters that may be associated with the tooth wear.

    METHODS: Tooth wear status of NPC survivors were clinically assessed using the Exact Tooth Wear Index. A tooth was graded to have severe wear when more than one-third of its buccal/occlusal/lingual surface had dentine loss. At the subject-level, percentages of anterior/posterior/all teeth with severe wear were calculated. Age, number of teeth, flow-rate/buffering capacity/pH of stimulated whole (SWS) and parotid (SPS) saliva's were collected. Correlation and multiple-linear regression tests were performed at the significance level α = 0.05.

    RESULT: Sixty-eight participants (mean age of 60.0 ± 8.9), 697 anterior and 686 posterior teeth were examined with a mean of 10-years post-radiotherapy. Severe tooth wear was found in 63 (92.6 percent) participants, 288 anterior and 83 posterior teeth. The mean percentage of anterior/posterior/all teeth with severe wear were 42.3 ± 28.1, 14.5 ± 19.9 and 30.0 ± 21.7. Anterior teeth, particularly the incisal surface of central incisors were most affected. The mean flow-rate of SWS and SPS were 0.1 ± 0.1 ml/min and 0.03 ± 0.07 ml/min respectively. Thirty (44.1 percent) and 48 (70.6 percent) participants were found to have low/no buffering capacity of SWS and SPS respectively. Multiple-regression analyses revealed the SWS flow-rate was associated with the percentage of anterior teeth with severe wear (p=0.03).

    CONCLUSION: Anterior tooth wear is a significant dental problem among NPC survivors and was associated with hypo-salivation.

    CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Patients with hypo-salivation should be being monitored for tooth wear particularly on the anterior teeth.

  2. Selvaraj FJ, Mohamed M, Omar K, Nanthan S, Kusiar Z, Subramaniam SY, et al.
    BMC Fam Pract, 2012;13:97.
    PMID: 23046818 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-13-97
    BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy of Counselling and Advisory Care for Health (COACH) programme in managing dyslipidaemia among primary care practices in Malaysia. This open-label, parallel, randomised controlled trial compared the COACH programme delivered by primary care physicians alone (PCP arm) and primary care physicians assisted by nurse educators (PCP-NE arm).
    METHODS: This was a multi-centre, open label, randomised trial of a disease management programme (COACH) among dyslipidaemic patients in 21 Malaysia primary care practices. The participating centres enrolled 297 treatment naïve subjects who had the primary diagnosis of dyslipidaemia; 149 were randomised to the COACH programme delivered by primary care physicians assisted by nurse educators (PCP-NE) and 148 to care provided by primary care physicians (PCP) alone. The primary efficacy endpoint was the mean percentage change from baseline LDL-C at week 24 between the 2 study arms. Secondary endpoints included mean percentage change from baseline of lipid profile (TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, TC: HDL ratio), Framingham Cardiovascular Health Risk Score and absolute risk change from baseline in blood pressure parameters at week 24. The study also assessed the sustainability of programme efficacy at week 36.
    RESULTS: Both study arms demonstrated improvement in LDL-C from baseline. The least squares (LS) mean change from baseline LDL-C were -30.09% and -27.54% for PCP-NE and PCP respectively. The difference in mean change between groups was 2.55% (p=0.288), with a greater change seen in the PCP-NE arm. Similar observations were made between the study groups in relation to total cholesterol change at week 24. Significant difference in percentage change from baseline of HDL-C were observed between the PCP-NE and PCP groups, 3.01%, 95% CI 0.12-5.90, p=0.041, at week 24. There was no significant difference in lipid outcomes between 2 study groups at week 36 (12 weeks after the programme had ended).
    CONCLUSION: Patients who received coaching and advice from primary care physicians (with or without the assistance by nurse educators) showed improvement in LDL-cholesterol. Disease management services delivered by PCP-NE demonstrated a trend towards add-on improvements in cholesterol control compared to care delivered by physicians alone; however, the improvements were not maintained when the services were withdrawn.
    TRIAL REGISTRATION:
    National Medical Research Registration (NMRR) Number: NMRR-08-287-1442Trial Registration Number (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier): NCT00708370.
  3. Kamaraj S, Firdaus ML, Norfarahdina R, Muizz AMA, Ranga ARA, Henry TD, et al.
    PMID: 39548661 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.31290
    BACKGROUND: Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PPCI) is the preferred treatment for ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) patients in both PCI centers and those transferred from non-PCI centers, provided it can be performed in a timely manner. The challenges in transferring patients from non-PCI centers include not only potential delays beyond 120 min but also the risk of overwhelming the resources at the PPCI hospital. We report a novel strategy implemented within the Serdang STEMI Network involving immediate transfer of patients back to the originating hospitals within 2 h post procedure.

    AIMS: This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes and practicality of immediately transferring stable STEMI patients back to their originating hospitals within 2 h postprimary PCI, within the Serdang STEMI Network. Specifically, it seeks to assess the in-hospital mortality rate and 30-day major adverse cardiac events (MACE) among these patients to determine the safety and feasibility of this novel early transfer strategy.

    METHODS: This retrospective cohort study involved 1374 STEMI patients participating in the Serdang STEMI network from May 2015 to December 2022, including 570 patients admitted directly to Hospital Sultan Idris Shah, Serdang (HSIS) and 804 transferred from non-PCI centers.

    RESULTS: Of the 804 transferred patients, 415 (52%) were transferred back to referring hospitals within 2 h of PPCI. These patients met specific criteria including hemodynamic stability, absence of procedural complications, and fit for transfer at the discretion of the attending cardiologist. The primary outcomes measured were in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates, as well as major adverse cardiac events (MACE). MACE was defined as a composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or repeat revascularization. In the early return group, there was no in-hospital or 30-day mortality. No patient required repeat revascularization or readmission within 30 days.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that carefully selected patients can be safely returned to their originating hospitals very early following successful PPCI. These findings have important implications for large regional STEMI networks worldwide, particularly in areas where PPCI centers may have limited resources to handle high STEMI volumes.

  4. Ramli AS, Lakshmanan S, Haniff J, Selvarajah S, Tong SF, Bujang MA, et al.
    BMC Fam Pract, 2014;15:151.
    PMID: 25218689 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-15-151
    Chronic disease management presents enormous challenges to the primary care workforce because of the rising epidemic of cardiovascular risk factors. The chronic care model was proven effective in improving chronic disease outcomes in developed countries, but there is little evidence of its effectiveness in developing countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the EMPOWER-PAR intervention (multifaceted chronic disease management strategies based on the chronic care model) in improving outcomes for type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension using readily available resources in the Malaysian public primary care setting. This paper presents the study protocol.
  5. Ramli AS, Selvarajah S, Daud MH, Haniff J, Abdul-Razak S, Tg-Abu-Bakar-Sidik TM, et al.
    BMC Fam Pract, 2016 11 14;17(1):157.
    PMID: 27842495
    BACKGROUND: The chronic care model was proven effective in improving clinical outcomes of diabetes in developed countries. However, evidence in developing countries is scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of EMPOWER-PAR intervention (based on the chronic care model) in improving clinical outcomes for type 2 diabetes mellitus using readily available resources in the Malaysian public primary care setting.

    METHODS: This was a pragmatic, cluster-randomised, parallel, matched pair, controlled trial using participatory action research approach, conducted in 10 public primary care clinics in Malaysia. Five clinics were randomly selected to provide the EMPOWER-PAR intervention for 1 year and another five clinics continued with usual care. Patients who fulfilled the criteria were recruited over a 2-week period by each clinic. The obligatory intervention components were designed based on four elements of the chronic care model i.e. healthcare organisation, delivery system design, self-management support and decision support. The primary outcome was the change in the proportion of patients achieving HbA1c 
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