MyMedR

Does one cigarette make an adolescent smoker, and is it influenced by age and age of smoking initiation? Evidence of association from the U.S. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (2011)

Reidpath DD, Davey TM, Kadirvelu A, Soyiri IN, Allotey P

Prev Med, 2014 Feb;59:37-41.

PMID: 24270054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.11.011

OBJECTIVES: Evidence that age of smoking initiation represents a risk factor for regular smoking in adolescence is complicated by inconsistencies in the operational definition of smoking initiation and simultaneous inclusion of age as an explanatory variable. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between age, age of smoking initiation and subsequent regular smoking.
METHODS: A secondary analysis was conducted of the U.S. Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2011. A sex stratified multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to model the likelihood of regular smoking with age and age of smoking initiation as explanatory variables and race/ethnicity as a covariate.
RESULTS: After controlling for race/ethnicity, age and age of smoking initiation were independently associated with regular smoking in males and females. Independent of age, a one year's decrease in the age of smoking initiation was associated with a 1.27 times increase in odds of regular smoking in females (95% CI: 1.192-1.348); and similar associations for males (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.216-1.341).
CONCLUSION: While the majority of high school students do not become regular smokers after initiating smoking, earlier initiation of smoking is associated with subsequent regular smoking irrespective of sex or race/ethnicity. These findings have potentially important implications for intervention targeting.
KEYWORDS: Adolescent; Epidemiology; Smoking

Electronic nicotine delivery system use and its relation to waterpipe smoking among youth in seven Arab countries

Mohammad MS, Aburezq M, AlSaeed N, Abdullah Z, Fayrouz S, Almunefi K, et al.

Prev Med, 2024 Apr 02;182:107945.

PMID: 38574972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107945

OBJECTIVES: Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) use and Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking (WTS) are reported to be a growing strain of tobacco epidemic among youth in the Arab world. Therefore, we aimed to: (1) estimate the regional prevalence of ENDS use among youth in 7 Arab countries and, (2) to explore the bidirectional relationship between ENDS use and WTS among Arab adolescents.

METHODS: We analyzed data from the World Health Organization Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS 2014-2018) of 18,536 schoolchildren aged 12-16 from Iraq, Mauritania, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Tunisia, and Yemen. The weighted prevalence was calculated to generate nationally representative estimates. Adjusted multilevel logistic regression models were conducted to assess the association between ENDS use and WTS.

RESULTS: The pooled weighted prevalence of ENDS use was 9.5%. Higher odds of ENDS use were significantly associated with WTS (AOR: 5.26, 95%CI: 4.28-6.46), smoking conventional cigarettes (AOR: 1.54, 95%CI: 1.23-1.94) and first tobacco use prior to the age of 12 (AOR: 1.40, 95%CI: 1.14-1.72). Females and children who were taught in school the dangers of tobacco had less odds of using ENDS.

CONCLUSION: WTS was associated with increased odds of ENDS use by >5 folds, and vice versa. Tobacco consumption at age younger than 12 years was associated with higher odds of ENDS use, but less odds of WTS. Females and those who were taught in school the dangers of tobacco were less likely to report ENDS use.

Determinants of unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Malaysian HIV-infected patients

Ismail I, Bulgiba A

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S27-30.

PMID: 23295172 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.023

To determine predictors of unsuccessful treatment in HIV-infected tuberculosis (TB) patients.

Socioeconomic consequences of the 2004 tsunami: policy implications for natural disaster management

Su TT, Saimy BI, Bulgiba AM

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S74-6.

PMID: 23313790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.024

The objective of the study is to assess the socioeconomic status of the households affected by the tsunami of 2004 & to determine the factors associated with the recovery of household economic status.

Are examination findings important in screening for angina in the Malaysian patient?

Bulgiba AM

Prev Med, 2005 Jun;40(6):696-701.

PMID: 15850867

The objective of this study is to look at how well patient history and examination findings can be used in screening for angina.

Psychometric properties of DAPonDEN: definitions, attitudes and practices in relation to diarrhea during enteral nutrition questionnaire

Majid HA, Bin Sidek MA, Chinna K

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S64-6.

PMID: 23298820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.021

To investigate the psychometric properties of the developed 21 item questionnaire to measure definitions, attitudes and management practices in relation to diarrhea during enteral nutrition (DAPonDEN).

1st Asia Pacific Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence Based Medicine Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Editorial

Bulgiba A, Wong YL, Hairi NN

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S1-2.

PMID: 23528958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.03.005

Metabolic syndrome and antipsychotic monotherapy treatment among schizophrenia patients in Malaysia

Said MA, Hatim A, Habil MH, Zafidah W, Haslina MY, Badiah Y, et al.

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S50-3.

PMID: 23337566 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.01.005

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among schizophrenia patients receiving antipsychotic monotherapy in Malaysia.
METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted at multiple centres between June 2008 and September 2011. Two hundred and five patients who fulfilled the DSM IV-TR diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia and who had been on antipsychotic medication for at least one year, were screened for metabolic syndrome. Patients receiving a mood stabilizer were excluded from the study. Metabolic syndrome was defined by using the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults Treatment Panel III (ATP III) modified for Asian waist circumference.
RESULTS: In the first-generation antipsychotic (FGA) group, the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome was among patients treated with trifluoperazine and flupenthixol decanoate (66.7% each). For the second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) group, the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome was among patients treated with clozapine (66.7%). The component with the highest prevalence in metabolic syndrome was waist circumference in both FGA and SGA groups except for aripiprazole in SGA.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia patients receiving antipsychotic monotherapy in Malaysia was very high. Intervention measures are urgently needed to combat these problems.
KEYWORDS: Antipsychotics; Metabolic syndrome; Monotherapy; Prevalence; Schizophrenia

Testing the agreement of medical instruments: overestimation of bias in the Bland-Altman analysis

Zaki R, Bulgiba A, Ismail NA

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S80-2.

PMID: 23313586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.01.003

The Bland-Altman method is the most popular method used to assess the agreement of medical instruments. The main concern about this method is the presence of proportional bias. The slope of the regression line fitted to the Bland-Altman plot should be tested to exclude proportional bias. The aim of this study was to determine whether the overestimation of bias in the Bland-Altman analysis is still present even when the proportional bias has been excluded.

Increase in maternal adiposity and poor lipid profile is associated with oxidative stress markers during pregnancy

Loy SL, KNS S, JM HJ

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S41-4.

PMID: 23219759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.11.021

This study aimed to evaluate changes in maternal adiposity and lipid profile and to correlate these parameters with Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels among pregnant women.

Association between self-reported physical activity and indicators of body composition in Malaysian adolescents

Su TT, Sim PY, Nahar AM, Majid HA, Murray LJ, Cantwell MM, et al.

Prev Med, 2014 Oct;67:100-5.

PMID: 25016043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.07.001

BACKGROUND: Obesity and lack of physical activity are fast becoming a concern among Malaysian adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess physical activity levels among Malaysian adolescents and investigate the association between physical activity levels and body composition such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and percentage of body fat.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: 1361 school-going 13 year old multi-ethnic adolescents from population representative samples in Malaysia were involved in our study. Self-reported physical activity levels were assessed using the validated Malay version of the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Height, weight, body fat composition and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Data collection period was from March to May 2012.

RESULTS: 10.8% of the males and 7.4% of the females were obese according to the International Obesity Task Force standards. A majority of the adolescents (63.9%) were physically inactive. There is a weak but significant correlation between physical activity scores and the indicators of obesity. The adjusted coefficient for body fatness was relatively more closely correlated to physical activity scores followed by waist circumference and lastly BMI.

CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that high physical activity scores were associated with the decreased precursor risk factors of obesity.

Prevalence and associated factors of stress in the Malaysian Police Force

Masilamani R, Bulgiba A, Chinna K, Darus A, Isahak M, Kandiben S, et al.

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S57-9.

PMID: 23352959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.01.008

This study aims to determine the prevalence of stress and the associated socio-demographic and work factors among police personnel in Metropolitan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Breast screening and health issues among rural females in Malaysia: how much do they know and practice?

Dahlui M, Gan DE, Taib NA, Lim JN

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S18-20.

PMID: 23276776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.010

OBJECTIVE:
This study investigated rural women's knowledge of breast cancer and screening methods by ethnicity and examined the predictors of breast screening methods.

METHODS:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2011 in five rural districts of Perak; 959 women were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. ANOVA and regression analysis were used in data analysis.

RESULTS:
Women below 50 years old, of Malay ethnicity and who had secondary education scored better than those older, of Chinese ethnicity and had primary education (p<0.001). The uptake of breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE) and mammogram was 59%, 51% and 6.8%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed knowledge of breast cancer and CBE as top predictors of BSE, being married and knowledge of breast cancer as top predictors for CBE; and CBE as the top predictor of mammography uptake. Support from husbands and family members for breast cancer screening was a predictor for CBE and BSE.

CONCLUSION:
Knowledge of breast cancer and its screening uptake varies by ethnicity, location and the type of support received. Efforts and approaches to improve the women's knowledge of breast cancer and its screening uptake therefore should be customized to address the different influencing factors.

Suicide prevention program for at-risk groups: pointers from an epidemiological study

Maniam T, Chinna K, Lim CH, Kadir AB, Nurashikin I, Salina AA, et al.

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S45-6.

PMID: 23454536 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.02.022

The aim of this paper is to identify at-risk groups for a focused suicide prevention program for Malaysia.

Low nocturnal ocular perfusion pressure as a risk factor for normal tension glaucoma

Ramli N, Nurull BS, Hairi NN, Mimiwati Z

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S47-9.

PMID: 23352960 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.01.007

In the absence of raised intraocular pressure (IOP), haemodynamic parameters have been implicated in the development of normal tension glaucoma (NTG). The purpose of this study is to compare 24-hour IOP and haemodynamic parameters in NTG patients and non-glaucoma patients.

Concordance between hysteroscopic impression and endometrial histopathological diagnosis

Gan DE, Jawan RA, Moy FM

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S21-3.

PMID: 23313791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.026

The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of hysteroscopic impression for diagnosing benign and malignant endometrial pathology.

Associations of occupational, transportation, household and leisure-time physical activity patterns with metabolic risk factors among middle-aged adults in a middle-income country

Chu AH, Moy FM

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S14-7.

PMID: 23276774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.011

This study investigates physical activity in different domains and its association with metabolic risk factors among middle-aged adults.

Do older people with visual impairment and living alone in a rural developing country report greater difficulty in managing stairs?

Hairi NN, Bulgiba A, Peramalah D, Mudla I

Prev Med, 2013 Jan;56(1):8-11.

PMID: 23103916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.10.016

Managing stairs is a challenging activity of daily living (ADL) for older people. This study aims to examine the association between visual impairment and difficulty in managing stairs among older people living alone and those living with others.

Stroke incidence in the South West District of the Penang Island, Malaysia: PEARLs: Penang Acute Stroke Research Longitudinal Study

Neelamegam M, Looi I, Cheah WK, Narayanan P, Hamid AM, Ong LM

Prev Med, 2013;57 Suppl:S77-9.

PMID: 23295169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.12.022

This community based incidence study aims to report the stroke incidence in the south-west region of the Penang Island.

Dietary patterns in relation to quality-adjusted life years in the EPIC-NL cohort

Fransen HP, Beulens JW, May AM, Struijk EA, Boer JM, de Wit GA, et al.

Prev Med, 2015 Aug;77:119-24.

PMID: 26007298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.05.014

Dietary patterns have been associated with the incidence or mortality of individual non-communicable diseases, but their association with disease burden has received little attention.

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