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Fulltext Pharmacological evaluation of aqueous root extract of Selayak Hitam: teratogenic and possible abortifacient effect

Abdul Razak D, Gan EK, Mohamad M, Lajis R, Sam TW

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Mar;39(1):48-51.
PMID: 6513840

Studies made on aqueous root extract of Selayak Hitam, a plant alleged to possess abortifacient activity in pregnant mothers established that the extract is teratogenic and did in fact cause abortion in mice. It was also observed that the aqueous root extract is relatively toxic as judged by the number of deaths occuring following administration of the extract. The mechanism by which abortion is brought about is unknown but it is possible that the abortifacient effect is due to the induced teratogenic activity, brought about by the extract.

Matched MeSH terms: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/etiology*
Potential toxicity effects of Anastatica hierochuntica aqueous extract on prenatal development of Sprague-Dawley rats

Md Zin SR, Kassim NM, Mohamed Z, Fateh AH, Alshawsh MA

J Ethnopharmacol, 2019 Dec 05;245:112180.
PMID: 31445135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112180

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Anastatica hierochuntica (A. hierochuntica) is a plant consumed in folk medicine for the treatment of reproductive system related problems and metabolic disorders. It is of concern that the herb is commonly consumed by pregnant women towards the end of pregnancy to ease the process of labour, despite the lack of studies evaluating its safety.
AIM OF THIS STUDY: This study aimed to investigate the potential toxicity effects of A. hierochuntica in pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and their developing foetuses.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experiments were conducted in accordance to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline 414. Animals were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 females per group): negative control (received the vehicle only), experimental animals received 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts (AHAE), respectively. Treatment was administered daily by oral gavage from gestational day (GD) 6-20, and caesarian section performed on GD21.
RESULTS: There were significant reduction in the corrected maternal weight gain of dams and body weight of foetuses in the lowest and highest dose of AHAE-treated animals compared to the control. These findings were associated with the increase in anogenital distance index and multiple congenital anomalies observed in some of the offspring. On the other hand, rats treated with 500 mg/kg showed higher embryonic survival rate with absence of significant treatment-related effect.
CONCLUSION: Findings showed that highest and lowest doses of AHAE have prenatal toxicity effects in SD rats. Therefore, AHAE is potentially harmful to the developing foetuses especially when consumed during the period of implantation and organogenesis. As for the rats treated with 500 mg/kg AHAE, there was no significant treatment-related effect. Hence, we postulate that this finding suggests that the disruption on the hormonal regulation could have been compensated by negative feedback response. The compensated effects of AHAE at 500 mg/kg and the presence of lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) at 250 mg/kg has resulted in a non-monotonous dose response curve (NMDRC), which complicates the determination of the value of no-observed-adverse effect level (NOAEL).

Matched MeSH terms: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/etiology*
Effect of gestational ethanol exposure on long-term memory formation in newborn chicks

Rao V, Chaudhuri JD

Alcohol, 2007 Sep;41(6):433-9.
PMID: 17624712

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), a condition occurring in some children of mothers who have consumed alcohol during pregnancy, is characterized by craniofacial malformations, and physical and mental retardation. It is significant that even children with history of gestational ethanol exposure but relatively unaffected overall IQ performance, often exhibit learning difficulties and behavioral problems, suggestive of impaired memory formation. Hence, the specific aim of this study was to examine memory formation in chicks exposed to ethanol during early gestation toward the understanding of neurobehavioral disturbances in FAS. Chicks were exposed to alcohol on gestational days 1-3 by injection of ethanol into the airspace of freshly fertilized eggs. The effects of prenatal ethanol on physical growth and development, and memory formation were studied. The one-trial passive avoidance learning paradigm in 1-day-old chicks was used to study memory formation in these chicks. It was observed that chick embryos exposed to 10% ethanol on gestational days 1-3 had significant reduction in all body parameters when compared with appropriate controls. Further, ethanol-exposed chick embryos had significantly impaired (P

Matched MeSH terms: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced
TRENDS IN OBSTETRICS

MACAFEE CH

Med J Malaysia, 1963 Jun;17:274-81.
PMID: 14060504
Matched MeSH terms: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced*
Preclinical toxicological evaluations of the sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke), the Tiger Milk mushroom

Lee SS, Enchang FK, Tan NH, Fung SY, Pailoor J

J Ethnopharmacol, 2013 May 2;147(1):157-63.
PMID: 23458920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.02.027

Lignosus rhinocerus (Tiger Milk mushroom) is distributed in South China, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and Papua New Guinea. In Malaysia, it is the most popular medicinal mushroom used by the indigenous communities to relieve fever, cough, asthma, cancer, food poisoning and as a general tonic. In China, this mushroom is an expensive traditional medicine used to treat liver cancer, chronic hepatitis and gastric ulcers. The sclerotium of the mushroom is the part with medicinal value. This rare mushroom has recently been successfully cultivated making it possible to be fully exploited for its medicinal and functional benefits. The present study was carried out to evaluate the chronic toxicity of the sclerotial powder of Lignosus rhinocerus cultivar (termed TM02), its anti-fertility and teratogenic effects as well as genotoxicity.

Matched MeSH terms: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/etiology*