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  1. Fulltext Tuning range characteristics of linear cavity L-band multiwavelength brillouin-erbium fibre laser
    Al-Mansoori, M.H., Mahdi, M.A., Iqbal, S.J., Abdullah, M.K.
    ASM Science Journal, 2008;2(2):107-113.
    MyJurnal
    In this paper, the tuning range characteristics of a multiwavelength L-band Brillouin-erbium fibre laser utilizing a linear cavity is described. The dependency of the Stokes signal tuning range on the laser’s pumping power and single mode fibre length is elaborated. The proposed laser configuration exhibited a wide tuning range of 11 nm from 1599 nm to 1610 nm. The maximum number of 28 output channels with a spacing of 10.5 GHz was achieved by setting the Brillouin pump wavelength and power at 1603.1 nm and 1.1 mW, respectively. The wider tuning range and higher number of Brillouin Stokes contributed to the higher efficiency of doublepass amplification in the erbium gain medium and also to the bidirectional generation of Brillouin Stokes in the single-mode fibre.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
  2. Fulltext Is Khat chewing habit a risk factor for occlusal caries progression?
    Al-Alimi KR, Razak AAA, Saub R
    Afr Health Sci, 2018 Dec;18(4):1036-1045.
    PMID: 30766570 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v18i4.25
    Backgrounds: People in Yemen and in East African countries chew khat more than five hours daily.

    Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between khat and occlusal caries progression.

    Methods: A cohort study was carried out among 98 Yemeni khat chewers and 101 non-chewers aged 18-35 years old with early occlusal caries lesions. All participants answered questions on socio-demographic, khat , oral hygiene , sugar intake, and oral health knowledge at baseline. All posterior teeth with an early enamel lesion on occlusal surfaces detected by visual inspection at baseline were also subjected to DIAGNOdent assessment to confirm early lesion (DIAGNOdent reading 13-24). Participants were re-examined after 12 weeks. Caries progression was considered to occur when the DIAGNOdent reading was >25. Data were analyzed using Relative risk, Mann-Whitney U test, a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test and logistic regression analysis.

    Results: Occlusal caries progression incidence between khat chewers and non-chewers, with the relative risk was 1.68. There was no significant difference in occlusal caries progression on chewing side and non-chewing side among khat chewers. Khat chewing was a statistical predictor for those with low income.

    Conclusion: Khat is a risk factor for occlusion caries progression among low income group.

    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries/epidemiology*
  3. Fulltext Ferret: The Animal Of Choice In Dental Experiments
    Alani, A.H., Abdul Aziz Abdul Razak
    Ann Dent, 1996;3(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    The canine teeth of the mature ferret have closed apices. They are easily accessible for operating purposes and are sufficiently large, allowing conventional cavity preparation techniques to be prepared using ordinary dental instruments. Handling of the ferret is relatively easy since it becomes quite tame after a period of time. The body weight in male is greater and the teeth larger than those of the female. The cost of purchase and maintenance of the ferret is also inexpensive. For all these reasons, the ferret male is animal of choice in dental experiments.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
  4. Fulltext Fluoride Level In Dentifrices
    Abdul Kadir, R., Latifah Abdol Latif
    Ann Dent, 1998;5(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    To date, fluorides has remained to be the best means of controlling dental caries. Fluoride is given either systematically via fluoridated water or topically through other supplements including toothpastes. In recent years increasing prevalence of enamel defects or fluorosis is observed in both populations receiving or not receiving water fluoridation. It is suspected that excessive ingestion of a "standard" 1000 to 1500 ppm fluoride from toothpastes might be a contributing factor to the presence of such defects. In Malaysia, reports of enamel defects occurring amongst 12 to 16 year-old schoolchildren ranged between 67 to 88 percent. Where water fluoridation is available, the amount of fluorides received from the home is between 0.3 to 0.5 ppm F. However, almost all toothpastes sold locally contains fluoride, the content of which is unknown to the consumers. This study reports on the analysis of fluoride levels carried out on 20 toothpaste samples sold locally. Results showed that fluoride levels in all 20 samples ranged between 20 to 1970 ppm F. Only two of the 20 samples analyzed, however, indicated having a level anywhere near the "standard" level. In addition, only two type~ of children's toothpaste with a fluoride concentration of 20 and 450 ppm F were commonly available as compared to adult toothpastes in all the samples studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
  5. Fulltext Toothpastes Available In The Malaysian Market
    Saub, R.
    Ann Dent, 1998;5(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    This study was undertaken to investigate the number and types (fluoride or non-fluoride) of toothpaste products available in the Malaysian market based on the label. Thirty-five brands of toothpaste were identified, of which ten (29%) were specifically recommended for children. Two of the children's toothpaste recommended that children below seven years old use a pea size amount of toothpaste. One (3%) was recommended for both children and adult. The remaining 24 (69%) did not state if they were recommended for either children or adults. To improve the flavour of the toothpastes, a variety of flavours had been added especially in children's toothpaste. Almost half of the toothpastes were for prevention of tooth decay and gum disease. Other indications were for tooth sensitivity, tooth whitening and stain removal. Twentyseven (77%) of the toothpastes were imported, while eight (23%) were made in Malaysia. Twenty-six (74%) of the toothpaste contained fluoride and the most common type of fluoride used was sodium monofluorophosphate (NaMFP). The fluoride concentration was not labeled in more than half (63%) of the fluoridated toothpaste. Of those that were fluoridated, different units of measurement were used. As there is no uniformity in the labelling of these products, it is recommended that the responsible authorities should take more action in enforcing proper labelling of the fluoride concentration in the toothpaste using standardized units.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
  6. Fulltext Community indicator for caries experience among schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur: an ecological study
    Asma’, M., Saub, R.
    Ann Dent, 2010;17(1):15-20.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of the present study is to determine the “community indicator” for dental caries among secondary school children within the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur (FTKL). School factors were investigated for their ability to be used as community indicators. The components encompassing school factors include: type of school, school’s examination performances at the Peperiksaan Menengah Rendah (PMR) level, in the subjects of Mathematics, Bahasa Melayu (Malay Language), Science and English, school’s socioeconomic circumstances and school’s material deprivation. The study design is ecological in nature where schools were the unit of analysis. It used aggregated data for caries experiences acquired from the Oral Health Management Information System and the school factors which were extracted from the schools’ database. The subjects involved in this study were all the (75) day type secondary schools in FTKL. However, only 55 schools had complete information both for the dental caries factor and the school factors which were available for analysis. The use of bivariate analysis suggested that the school mean DMFT was significantly associated with the schools’ performance in English (p= 0.02) and the schools’ socioeconomic code (p= 0.005). The schools’ performance in English and socioeconomic code were able to explain about 10 percent and 14 percent of the variation in the school mean DMFT respectively. The final model that included both variables together explained about 17 percent of the variation in school mean DMFT. As a conclusion, this study suggests that the schools’ performance in English at the PMR level and the schools’ socioeconomic code could be used as community indicator to identify secondary schools with higher caries level in FTKL. Nevertheless, further
    improvement of the model is needed in order to create a more reliable indicator.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
  7. Fulltext Comparative Study On Microleakage Of Composite Inlays Using Various Resin Luting Cements
    Annuar, W.A., Abdullah, H.
    Ann Dent, 2003;10(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    This study is conducted to compare two resin luting cements (Rely XTMARC,3M and Compolute™ESPE) on their microleakage with one composite inlay system (Filtek™ Z250 Universal Restorative Materials, 3M). Thirty conventional inlays, Class II MOIDO cavity with gingival margin I mm above the cementoenamel junction, were prepared in premolar teeth. The composite inlays were fabricated directly on the prepared teeth using layering technique. Fifteen of the inlays were cemented with RelyTMX ARC and fifteen with Compolute™ (ESPE). The specimens were kept at 370 C for 10 days before thermocycling and immersed in methylene blue 2% solution for 24 hours. The teeth were sectioned mesio-distally. The site and degree of leakage of each section was scored using a visual scoring system under a stereomicroscope at a magnification of 1.5X. Results showed that there was no significant difference in'leakage extent (p>O.05), between Rely X™ARC and Compolute™. For both materials, leakage occurred most commonly within the enamel surface and between the cement-tooth interfaces. None of the leakage occurred between inlay - cement interface. There is no significant difference in the extent of leakage between Rely XTMARC compared to Compolute™.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
  8. Fulltext Effects of tobacco use on oral health - an overview
    Awan, K.H.
    Ann Dent, 2011;18(1):18-23.
    MyJurnal
    Tobacco use is linked with many serious illnesses, such as cancer, cardiopulmonary diseases, as well as with many health problems. Every year, the use of tobacco products causes a heavy toll of deaths and severe human disease worldwide. One of the many health problems linked to tobacco use is its detrimental impact on oral health. Tobacco causes a whole series of oral health problems, ranging from life-threatening (precancerous changes leading to oral cancer) and serious (periodontal disease, teeth decay) to social (bad breath). Tobacco is consumed through the mouth in a variety of forms, varied from smoked tobacco to smokeless tobacco chewing on itself or combined with areca nut. All these forms of tobacco have damaging effects on the oral health. The most significant preventive measure to prevent the oral health problems caused by tobacco use is to stop using tobacco products. The risk of developing oral cancer drops rapidly when a smoker ceases tobacco use. After ten years of not using tobacco, an ex-smoker/user's risk of oral cancers is about the same as that for someone who has never smoked. To stop using tobacco products is not an easy task. Fortunately, there are a number of therapies available to assist in quitting of tobacco. It is important to remember that, while it will be difficult, ceasing to use tobacco has immediate health benefits, including increased life expectancy and reduced risk of tobacco related diseases and conditions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
  9. Fulltext Wear of rotary instruments: a pilot study
    Abdul Aziz, A., Abu Kasim, N.H., Ramasindarum, C., Mohamad Yusof, M.Y.P., Paiizi, M., Ahmad, R.
    Ann Dent, 2011;18(1):1-7.
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this study was to assess the wear of tungsten carbide burs and round rotary diamond instruments through measurements of rake angle and visual observations respectively under a field emission scanning electron microscope. Sixty short and long head pear-shaped tungsten carbide burs and 18 round rotary diamond instruments that had been used to complete < 5, > 5 and > 10 cavity preparations (n=10/group) were selected from the 3rd and 4th year dental students, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya. There were two control groups consisting of long and short tungsten carbide burs of ten each. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyse the rake angle data. The data from the two control groups were collectively analysed following multiple paired t-test (p>.05) which showed no significant difference between the two types of tungsten carbide bur (short and long head). The mean rake angle of the control group was significantly higher (p < .05) compared to the < 5, > 5 and > 10 cavity preparation groups. The rake angle of the > 10 cavity preparation group was significantly lower than the other two test groups (p < .05). Round rotary diamond instruments in the < 5 cavity preparation group showed intact diamond particles with distinct cutting facets comparable to the control group. However, diamonds instruments in the > 5 and > 10 cavity preparation groups showed blunt diamond particles. In conclusion, wear of tungsten carbide burs and round rotary diamond instruments were evident after repeated use. Wear was more pronounced when instruments were used to prepare more than ten cavities.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
  10. Fulltext Oral Health Profile Of A Group Of Malayasian Drug Addicts
    Sujak, S.L., Abdul Kadir, R.
    Ann Dent, 1999;6(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    A study was undertaken to identify the oral health status and treatment needs of 403 drug abusers enrolled in a drug rehabilitation center in Perak, Malaysia. The prevalence of dental caries was 97.0%. Calculus was present in 82.1% of the dentate individuals, but only 14.6% had pockets greater than 3mm. The mean DMFT observed was 11.7, with missing teeth (MT=9.6) constituting the major component. Denture needs were high (67.2%), but only 11.4% of individuals had prostheses.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
  11. Fulltext Parental Perception Of The Importance Of The Primary Dentition And Children's Caries Experience
    Law, C.H., Razak, I.A., Saub, R.
    Ann Dent, 2000;7(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    A cross-sectional study was conducted to ascertain the relationship between parental oral health perception on the importance of the deciduous dentition and the dental caries status of their preschool children. Clinical oral examination of the preschool children was performed and self-administered questionnaires were given to the parents to be completed. Four hundred and eight preschool children were examined and 390 of their parents responded to the self-administered questionnaire. Those parents who brought their children for regular dental check-up at least once a year; favoured restorative treatment and practised tooth brushing habit before bedtime were more likely to have children with significantly lower mean 'dft' as well as higher proportions of caries free mouth (> 50 %). Those children who started early in practising tooth brushing also had better dental caries status but the differences were not significant. However, there were no significant and appreciable differences in their mean 'dft' with respect to the frequencies of tooth brushing per day. It was concluded that parents with better oral health perception as reflected by those parents who (a) practiced regular dental check-up for their children; (b) favoured restorative treatment for their children's decayed deciduous teeth; (c) ensured their children brushed their teeth before bedtime are associated with better dental caries status of their preschool children.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
  12. Fulltext Dental Fluorosis And Caries Status Among 12-13 Year-old School Children In Klang District, Malaysia
    Esa, R., Razak, I.A.
    Ann Dent, 2001;8(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    Several national studies have been undertaken to assess the prevalence of fluorosis utilizing the Dean's Index. However, the latest national study undertaken in 1997 (1) had utilized the DDE Index and hence does not allow comparisons to be made with the earlier set of national data. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of dental fluorosis using the Dean's Index in a sample of 12-13 year-old schoolchildren and to assess the relationship between fluorosis and their caries status. The sampling procedure involved a multistage, clustered and stratified random sampling. The sample comprised of 1519 schoolchildren attending 20 secondary government and governmentaided schools in fluoridated urban and rural areas of Klang District in Peninsular Malaysia. There were 772 males and 747 females. Each subject was administered a questionnaire to elicit the demographic information. Intra-oral examination for dental fluorosis and caries was performed for each subject. The results demonstrated that more than half of the subjects (54 %) had no fluorosis, 13.2% had questionable fluorosis, 31.3% had very mild to mild fluorosis, 1.4% had moderate fluorosis and only 0.1 % exhibited severe fluorosis. The mouth prevalence was 32.8 %. The Community Fluorosis Index was 0.48 indicating a borderline score for public health significance. Fifty-two percent of the children were caries free. The mean DMFT for all subjects was 1.1, F(0.6) being the main component. Although girls had a higher mean DMFT score as compared to boys this difference was not significant. Significant differences in DMFT scores were observed by urbani rural distributions and ethnic groups (p < 0.01). No significant correlation was found between fluorosis and caries status. It is concluded that dental fluorosis does not appear to be a public health problem. Further coordinated in-depth research using similar criterias for assessing dental fluorosis is highly recommended.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
  13. Fulltext The Prevalenve And Impact Of Oro-Facial Pain Among 12-year-old School Children In An Epidemiological Survey Setting
    Jaafar, N, Razak, I.A.
    Ann Dent, 2002;9(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    The objective of the study was to attempt to verify the cause of self-reported oro-facial pain among 12-yearold children, objectively via a clinical examination. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional survey using a combination of self-reported questionnaire, face-to-face interview and clinical oral examination. The children were first asked to answer a self-filled questionnaire about their oro-facial pain experience in the past 4- weeks. In order to verify its cause, a clinical examination and an interview followed. Normative oral health status data was also collected. The sample was 1492 Malay schoolchildren with diverse socioeconomic background from the states of Johore, Kelantan and Sabah. The sample size for each state was calculated to give a sampling error of not more than 5 %. In each state, quota sampling was done to achieve a balanced distribution between gender and location. The data collected were normative status for caries, periodontal disease and traumatized teeth. Orofacial pain experience represented the subjective status for oral well-being. The cause of pain was confirmed through a clinical examination. The normative oral health status data implies a very low untreated disease and good oral health among the schoolchildren. However the subjective health status, as reflected by the prevalence of pain suggested that oro-facial pain and suffering was high (27.3%) with about 49% "of moderate and severe" intensity. The two main causes were caries and mouth ulcers. However in about onequarter of pain cases, diagnosis cannot be confirmed in the field survey setting. More than one-half of those with pain experienced disturbed sleep and study. It was concluded that overall oral health status and well-being can be better described if normative data is complemented with subjective data such as pain prevalence. The study shows that the majority (more than 75 %) of cases of subjective pain can be objectively verified in a field epidemiology survey setting. The reliability of the subjective data can be improved by a clinical examination as compared to unverified self-report. The study also confirms that the major source of oro-facial pain among the 12 year-olds were caries and mouth ulcers.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
  14. Contribution of Rayleigh scattering on Brillouin comb line generation in Raman fiber laser
    Zamzuri AK, Al-Mansoori MH, Samsuri NM, Mahdi MA
    Appl Opt, 2010 Jun 20;49(18):3506-10.
    PMID: 20563203 DOI: 10.1364/AO.49.003506
    We demonstrate the generation of multiple Brillouin Stokes lines generation assisted by Rayleigh scattering in Raman fiber laser. The linear cavity is utilized to take advantage of the Rayleigh scattering effect, and it also produces two strong spectral peaks at 1555 and 1565nm. Under a strong pumping condition, the Rayleigh backscatters contribute to the oscillation efficiency, which increases the Brillouin Stokes lines intensity between these two wavelength ranges. The multiple Stokes lines get stronger by suppressing the buildup of free-running longitudinal modes in the laser structure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
  15. Opto-optical gain-clamped L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier with C-band control signal
    Bakar AA, Mahdi MA, Al-Mansoori MH, Shaari S, Zamzuri AK
    Appl Opt, 2009 Apr 20;48(12):2340-3.
    PMID: 19381186
    We demonstrate an opto-optical gain-clamped L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier by manipulating the C-band lasing wavelength as the control signal. The L-band gain-clamped value is achieved by tuning the control laser in the C-band wavelength range that propagates in the opposite direction to the L-band signal. Within the wavelength range of 1538 nm and 1560 nm, the L-band gain decreases linearly with the increment of the C-band lasing wavelength. The L-band gain dynamic range decreases with the increment of the cavity loss. By combining two different levels of cavity loss, the gain dynamic range of 10 dB from 11 dB to 21 dB is achieved with an average noise figure of less than 5.9 dB. The whole gain spectrum of the L-band can be used for multiple-channel amplification because the laser is created outside its signal band.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
  16. Effects of different Raman pumping schemes on stimulated Brillouin scattering in a linear cavity
    Shirazi MR, Biglary M, Harun SW, Thambiratnam K, Ahmad H
    Appl Opt, 2008 Jun 10;47(17):3088-91.
    PMID: 18545279
    The effects of backward, forward, and bidirectional Raman pumping schemes on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is investigated in this study. By using a linear cavity, we utilize residual Brillouin pump (BP) and Raman pump (RP) power after each transmission through a 25 km single-mode fiber (SMF) used as a gain medium. The SBS threshold power is reduced in the forward, backward, and bidirectional Raman pumping schemes by 2.5, 1.75, and 2.75 dB, respectively when the 1480 nm RP power is fixed at 150 mW and the BP wavelength is 1580 nm. Surprisingly, it is revealed that the SBS threshold reduction depends strongly and solely on Raman gain and it is independent of the Raman pumping schemes. In addition, the effect of Raman amplification on SBS is more effective at the SBS threshold, especially in the bidirectional and forward schemes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
  17. Fulltext Effectiveness of T-shaped toothbrush in children: A pilot study
    Noraida Mamat, Shani Ann Mani
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2018;13(2):1-7.
    MyJurnal
    Dental caries and gingivitis are common oral health problems affecting schoolchildren worldwide. Effective tooth brushing in children is fundamental in preventing dental caries and gingivitis and maintaining good oral health. Children routinely present with unsatisfactory oral hygiene due to poor compliance and poor dexterity in tooth brushing. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel T-shaped toothbrush in plaque removal and gingival health among children and to obtain feedback regarding its use. Nineteen participants aged 8-10 years who fulfilled the criteria enrolled in this study. The children were taught the proper technique of using the new toothbrush and instructed to use it for a period of 2 weeks. The plaque scores and gingival scores were measured at baseline and after 2 weeks. They were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding the use of the toothbrush after 2 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using t-test. There was a statistically significant (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
  18. Fulltext Dental caries and oral health behaviour in the Malaysian Territorial Army Personnel
    Borhan Jasmin, Nasruddin Jaafar
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2011;6(2):19-25.
    MyJurnal
    A survey was conducted to assess dental caries experience and oral health related behaviour among Malaysian Territorial Army (TA) personnel. This cross-sectional study involved 284 personnel covering their socio-demography, oral hygiene habits and related behaviour and past utilization of dental services pattern. Dental caries were assessed using DMFT index. Caries prevalence was very high (97.2%; DMFT 8.15±5.36). Untreated decay (DT) was 3.67 (±3.15) and missing teeth (MT) 2.90 (±3.73). However, few were treated teeth (FT) at only 1.58 (±2.02). Almost everyone (98.2%) claimed they brushed their teeth at least once daily and 80% used fluoridated toothpaste. However, very few participants used dental floss (11.3%) while majority (60.2%) did not know about flossing. More than 70% were current smokers. Only 13.7% were regular attendees with the majority (86.3%) visiting the dentist only when they had dental problems. The most common reason (49.7%) for their last dental visit was related to presence of symptoms and few were (27.4%) for prevention. Symptomatic attendees are significantly more likely to have more severe caries experience than preventive oriented individuals (p=0.003). These findings support the importance of promoting preventive oral health utilization behaviour among army personnel.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
  19. Fulltext Saliva as a diagnostic tool for assessment of dental caries
    Gopinath, V.K., Arzreanne , A.R.
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2006;1(1):57-59.
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of salivary testing in dental caries assessment. The role of saliva flow rate, pH, viscosity and buffering capacity in subjects with high caries (DMFT>5) (group 1) against subjects with low caries (DMFT=0) (control group) were evaluated. 40 subjects between the age of 18 and 40 years old were selected (20 subjects control group and 20 subjects group 1). By using a salivary testing kit (GC Asia Dental Pte Ltd, Japan), each subject underwent test such as hydration status of the oral mucosa, viscosity and pH of resting saliva, stimulated salivary flow rate and buffering capacity of stimulated saliva. The results showed that the flow rate, viscosity, pH and buffering capacity of saliva in subjects of group 1 (DMFT>5) was significantly lower (p
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
  20. Fulltext Applications of lasers in dentistry: a review
    Husein, A.
    Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2006;1(1):1-4.
    MyJurnal
    Lasers were introduced into the field of clinical dentistry with the hope of overcoming some of the drawbacks posed by the conventional methods of dental procedures. Since its first experiment for dental application in the 1960s, the use of laser has increased rapidly in the last couple of decades. At present, wide varieties of procedures are carried out using lasers. The aim of this review is to describe the application of lasers in dental hard tissue procedures. Lasers are found to be effective in cavity preparation, caries removal, restoration removal, etching, and treatment of dentinal sensitivity, caries prevention and bleaching. Based on development in adhesive dentistry and the propagation of minimum intervention principles, lasers may revolutionize cavity design and preparation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Dental Caries
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