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Psychometric properties of DREEM in a sample of Malaysian medical students

Yusoff MS

Med Teach, 2012;34(7):595-6.
PMID: 22489970 DOI: 10.3109/0142159X.2012.675104
Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards*
Fulltext Quality assurance in education: perception of undergraduate health professions students in a Malaysian university

Er HM, Nadarajah VD, Ng SH, Wong AN

Korean J Med Educ, 2020 Sep;32(3):185-195.
PMID: 32723985 DOI: 10.3946/kjme.2020.166

PURPOSE: Direct student involvement in quality processes in education has been suggested to encourage shared responsibilities among faculty and students. The objectives of this study were to explore undergraduate health professions students' understanding of quality assurance (QA) in education, and identify the challenges and enablers for student involvement in an Asian context.
METHODS: Twenty semi-structured interviews were conducted among medical, dentistry, and pharmacy students in a Malaysian University. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed to understand the students' perspectives of QA in education.
RESULTS: The participants recognized the importance of QA towards ensuring the quality of their training, which will consequently impact their work readiness, employability, and quality of healthcare services. Academic governance, curriculum structure, content and delivery, faculty and student quality, teaching facilities, and learning resources were indicated as the QA areas. The challenges for students' involvement included students' attitude, maturity, and cultural barrier. To enhance their buy-in, clear objectives and impact, efficient QA mechanism, and recognition of students' contribution had been suggested.
CONCLUSION: The findings of this study support student-faculty partnership in QA processes and decision making.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards
Utilization of information technology in medical education: a questionnaire survey of students in a Malaysian institution

Nurjahan MI, Lim TA, Yeong SW, Foong AL, Ware J

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Dec;57 Suppl E:58-66.
PMID: 12733195

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this survey was to obtain a self-reported assessment of the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by medical students at the International Medical University, Malaysia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Students' perceived skills and extent of usage of ICT were evaluated using a questionnaire. Chi-square analysis were performed to ascertain the association between variables. Further statistical testing using Chi-square test for trend was done when one of the variables was ordered, and Spearman rank correlation when both variables were ordered.
RESULTS: Overall, (98%) of students responded to the questionnaire. Twenty seven students (5.7%) did not use a computer either in the university or at home. Most students surveyed reported adequate skills at word processing (55%), e-mailing (78%) and surfing the internet (67%).
CONCLUSION: The results suggests that in order to increase the level of computer literacy among medical students, positive steps would need to be taken, for example the formal inclusion of ICT instruction in the teaching of undergraduate medicine. This will enhance medical students' ability to acquire, appraise, and use information in order to solve clinical and other problems quickly and efficiently in the course of their studies, and more importantly when they graduate.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards
Skills assessment for undergraduate orthopaedic education

Harwant S, Pravin D, Teng EM

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60 Suppl D:69-70.
PMID: 16315628
Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards*
The Community Family Case Studies Programme at the University of Malaya

Tan PL

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Dec;57 Suppl E:86-93.
PMID: 12733200

The New Integrated Curriculum at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Which comprises three major longitudinal strands, was first implemented in 1998 to provide better integration of clinical and basic medical sciences. One of these longitudinal strands, the Doctor, Patients, Health and Society (DPHS) module, emphasizes the importance of developing good communication skills as well as introducing students to behavioural sciences, public health medicine, statistics and epidemiology. Community Family Case Studies (CFCS), within this module, have been used as a means for students to focus on these aspects, as the students are introduced to patients, their families and their community in Year 1 of the medical course and are required to follow them up throughout their five-year training period.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards
Academic standards and changing patterns of medical school admissions: a Malaysian study

Tan CM

Med Educ, 1990 Jul;24(4):319-27.
PMID: 2395423

Changing social demands made it necessary for the Medical Faculty of the University of Malaya to accommodate students with a wider range of academic experience than before. However, teachers sought to achieve comparable academic standards to those in the West by striving to maintain a close resemblance to the Western model of medical education in other respects. As a result teachers failed to adapt their teaching methods, assessment techniques and curriculum design to meet the educational needs of the students, thus compromising academic standards. Many students lack basic academic skills and do not know how to learn effectively. In order to help students overcome their learning difficulties innovative teaching was required during the first year at university, designed to foster the joint development of knowledge and basic skills. In the case of less well-prepared students who lack self-confidence, a caring and supportive learning environment is crucial to the achievement of meaningful learning. Lecturers needed to become facilitators of learning rather than transmitters of knowledge. However, teachers' objective to retain international recognition of the degree, which presumably reflected the importance of teaching, was not operationalized in terms of its incentive structure such that teachers were constrained not to try to fill the new roles demanded of them. It was assumed that academic distinction accrued through scientific research was essential for the achievement of academic excellence. However, under the prevailing circumstances the two aims were mutually exclusive and incompatible and teaching quality deteriorated.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards*
Ethics--the role of medical education

Ravindran J

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Dec;57 Suppl E:67-73.
PMID: 12733196
Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards*
Academic staff perspectives on delivering a shared undergraduate medical module on three transnational campuses: Practical considerations and lessons learned

Morgan MP, Thomas W, Rashid-Doubell F

Med Teach, 2020 01;42(1):36-38.
PMID: 31411913 DOI: 10.1080/0142159X.2019.1649380

The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) was among the first medical institutions to establish a global education community which now provides high-quality transnational health professions education aligned across three locations: Europe, the Middle East and South-East Asia. The successful implementation of a shared modularized curriculum in this context can be complex and challenging. Here we describe our insights, gained from a decade of working together as shared module Academic Leads to deliver a system-based medical module to an international student cohort. The themes covered are some of the areas where we consider our joint deliberations have led to improved outcomes for the delivery and assessment of the module, which may be helpful to academic staff embarking on similar module sharing experiences.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards
Research training as pillars towards undergraduate medical education advancement in Malaysia

Rampal L

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Dec;57 Suppl E:102-4.
PMID: 12733203
Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards*
Experiences from a medical students' well-being workshop

Yusoff MS, Rahim AF

Med Educ, 2009 Nov;43(11):1108-9.
PMID: 19874520 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03474.x
Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards*
Clinical experience of medical students in a developing country

Malik AS, Quah BS

Educ Health (Abingdon), 2003 Jul;16(2):163-75.
PMID: 14741902

OBJECTIVE: This paper compares the clinical experience in acute conditions of the undergraduate students of a medical school from a developing country (Malaysia) with those from a developed country (UK).
METHODS: This study was conducted at the School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Through questionnaire survey enquiry was made about 27 acute medical conditions (i.e. conditions related to internal medicine, paediatrics, and psychiatry), 15 acute surgical conditions (i.e. conditions related to general surgery, orthopaedics, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, gynaecology and obstetrics), 15 surgical operations and 26 practical procedures. The results obtained were compared with published data from the UK.
RESULTS: Acute medical conditions were seen by higher number of the USM students but with less frequency than the British students. The USM students saw practical procedures more frequently than the British students did, but almost an equal number performed these procedures independently. The British students attended surgical operations more frequently than the USM students did.
CONCLUSION: Given the limitations of comparison (epidemiological, cultural and geographical differences, conventional curriculum (in the British medical schools) vs. problem based learning curriculum (in the Malaysian medical school)) the overall clinical experience of the medical students in the USM and the UK was comparable. The USM students had more opportunities to observe cases and procedures but "hands on" experience was similar to that of the British students.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards*
Is input on Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) necessary in our medical curriculum? A perspective from a survey on medical practitioners

Nabilla AS, Safura J, Karina R, Noran H, Norizan M, Sabariah M, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Dec;57 Suppl E:37-43.
PMID: 12733192

A cross-sectional study was carried out through a postal survey of a random sample of registered medical practitioners in Malaysia to explore the pursuit and practice of CAM among them. A response rate of 42% was acquired. 27.1% of the medical practitioners are currently using CAM on themselves or their own families and 22.2% actually have referred patients to CAM practitioners. Analysis showed that only 14.9% of the medical practitioners who responded were exposed to CAM during their undergraduate days. Out of 28 respondents graduated from USM, 15 (53.6%) were exposed while out of the 80 graduates of UM, only 6 (7.5%) were exposed and out of 58 respondents graduates of UKM, only 5 (8.6%) were exposed to CAM during their undergraduate teaching. These differences are statistically different (p < 0.001). Analysis also showed that more (72.6%) medical practitioners are for having training in CAM during the medical undergraduate studies. Only 9.1% of the respondents have attended any training in CAM post graduation and 36.8% would like further training on CAM postgraduate and would pay for it. The findings illustrate the need for training in CAM in medical undergraduate education especially in this new age where alternative therapy is in demand by the consumers.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards*
Critical appraisal--is there a need to train medical students how to read the literature?

Karina R, Nooriah S

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Dec;57 Suppl E:78-82.
PMID: 12733198

Critical appraisal refers to the skill of reading a piece of research in a very objective and structured way. It allows for the reader to assess the quality and validity of the evidence put forward. With the emphasis on evidence-based practice in the medical profession, the ability to critically appraise the literature should be instilled into medical students. Currently, the push to encourage research shows great effort in the medical curriculum, through the incorporation of elective research programmes, by many medical institutions. But how ready are the students to even understand the research literature, let alone conduct a research? The current system throws these students into 'the deep end' of research conduct without equipping them with the tools necessary to do so. Very often this becomes a problem that snowballs through specialist training right up to the practice of medicine. The possibilities and means of introducing the skills of critical appraisal via the curriculum should be explored. In this age of self-directed and problem-based learning, a purely didactic teaching method of "how to read the literature" is surely outdated. The concept should be integrated into medical teaching, including within the implementation of the PBL system, in both the clinical and non-clinical settings, and by the introduction of the 'journal club' concept. Training of the trainers should also be considered. With the early training of critical appraisal, it can hopefully become an unconscious competence of medical graduates, who not only can produce quality research, but also able to identify quality information.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards*
Are our new medical graduates ready to prescribe?

Sim SM, Choo WY, Ng CJ

Med Educ, 2009 May;43(5):492.
PMID: 19422512 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03352.x
Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards*
Fulltext Assessing undergraduate competence in evidence based medicine: a preliminary study on the correlation between two objective instruments

Lai NM, Teng CL, Nalliah S

Educ Health (Abingdon), 2012 Jul;25(1):33-9.
PMID: 23787382

CONTEXT: The Fresno test and the Berlin Questionnaire are two validated instruments for objectively assessing competence in evidence-based medicine (EBM). Although both instruments purport to assess a comprehensive range of EBM knowledge, they differ in their formats. We undertook a preliminary study using the adapted version of the two instruments to assess their correlations when administered to medical students. The adaptations were made mainly to simplify the presentation for our undergraduate students while preserving the contents that were assessed.
METHODS: We recruited final-year students from a Malaysian medical school from September 2006 to August 2007. The students received a structured EBM training program within their curriculum. They took the two instruments concurrently, midway through their final six months of training. We determined the correlations using either the Pearson's or Spearman's correlation depending on the data distribution.
RESULTS: Of the 120 students invited, 72 (60.0%) participated in the study. The adapted Fresno test and the Berlin Questionnaire had a Cronbach's alfa of 0.66 and 0.70, respectively. Inter-rater correlation (r) of the adapted Fresno test was 0.9. The students scored 45.4% on average [standard deviation (SD) 10.1] on the Fresno test and 44.7% (SD 14.9) on the Berlin Questionnaire (P = 0.7). The overall correlation between the two instruments was poor (r = 0.2, 95% confidence interval: -0.07 to 0.42, P = 0.08), and correlations remained poor between items assessing the same EBM domains (r = 0.01-0.2, P = 0.07-0.9).
DISCUSSION: The adapted versions of the Fresno test and the Berlin Questionnaire correlated poorly when administered to medical students. The two instruments may not be used interchangeably to assess undergraduate competence in EBM.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards*
Learning medical ethics in a primary care clinic

Loh KY, Nalliah S

Med Educ, 2008 Nov;42(11):1127-8.
PMID: 18991988 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2008.03217.x
Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards
Fulltext Comparative assessment of students' performance and perceptions on objective structured practical models in undergraduate pathology teaching

Htwe TT, Ismail SB, Low GK

Singapore Med J, 2014 Sep;55(9):502-5.
PMID: 25273936

INTRODUCTION: Assessment is an important factor that drives student learning, as students tend to mainly focus on the material to be assessed. The current practice in teaching pathology extensively applies objective-structured practical examination for the assessment of students. As students will have to deal with real patients during clinical years, it is preferred that students learn and practise via potted specimens and slides instead of picture plates. This study aimed to assess the preferred assesment method of pathology practical exercises.

METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey carried out in two consecutive batches of Phase 2 medical students. Student competency was assessed using both the traditional (TD) (i.e. use of potted specimens and slides) and picture plate (PP) methods. To compare the two assessment methods, we compared the mean scores obtained by the students and examined student perception of the two methods.

RESULTS: The mean scores obtained via the PP method were significantly higher than those obtained via the TD method for almost all the components tested.

CONCLUSION: We found that students performed significantly better (p < 0.05) when assessed using the PP method instead of the TD method. PP preparations might provide better visuals, thus aiding understanding, than the TD method. The findings of this study are valuable in identifying and improving our current teaching and assessment methods of medical students, in line with advancements in information technology.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards*
Fulltext Dysfunctional problem-based learning curricula: resolving the problem

Lim WK

BMC Med Educ, 2012;12:89.
PMID: 23009729 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6920-12-89

Problem-based learning (PBL) has become the most significant innovation in medical education of the past 40 years. In contrast to exam-centered, lecture-based conventional curricula, PBL is a comprehensive curricular strategy that fosters student-centred learning and the skills desired in physicians. The rapid spread of PBL has produced many variants. One of the most common is 'hybrid PBL' where conventional teaching methods are implemented alongside PBL. This paper contends that the mixing of these two opposing educational philosophies can undermine PBL and nullify its positive benefits. Schools using hybrid PBL and lacking medical education expertise may end up with a dysfunctional curriculum worse off than the traditional approach.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards
Recognition of higher medical institutions in Russia

Severyanova L, Lazarev A

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60 Suppl D:71-4.
PMID: 16315629

The Russian Federation of higher medical institutions get State accreditation, if their activity conforms to criteria determined by the Ministry of Public Health and the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. Kursk State Medical University (KSMU) has a confirmed to requirement of accreditation by the Russian Federation, to conduct annually training of about 5000 students at 12 faculties. KSMU carries out pre-medical undergraduate and postgraduate training in the specialty "Doctor of medicine". For the first time in Russia KSMU was allowed to conduct a 6-year medical training with the use of English as an intermediary language by the Ministry of Public Health and the Ministry of Education. In this relation programmes of training teachers for conducting instruction with the use of an intermediary language (English) and training students Russian with the level necessary for free communication with Russian patients and staff of the clinics have been developed and realized.

Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards*
An innovative method of teaching clinical therapeutics through role-play

Loh KY, Kwa SK

Med Educ, 2009 Nov;43(11):1101-2.
PMID: 19874515 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03501.x
Matched MeSH terms: Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards

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