Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 235 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. Fulltext Stress and coping strategies among retired people in Malaysia: a qualitative study
    Al-Naggar, Redhwan Ahmed, Chen, Robert
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2011;12(2):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: This study explored the stress and coping strategies among retired people in Malaysia. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 36 elderly Malaysian subjects. This protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Management and Science University. The data obtained were sorted into various categories. Results: A total number of 36 retired elderly people participated in this study. The majority of them were in the age group of 55-59 years old, females, Malay and married. The majority defined stress as pressure or tension. Financial difficulties, family and work problems were the main causes of stress in the majority. Also, the majority of respondents mentioned that they coped with stress by sharing problems with others, by resting and relaxing, and/or by doing housework during their free time. A few of them coped with stress by hanging out with friends, going shopping,
    doing photography, travelling, going fishing, and doing sports. Conclusion: Financial difficulties, family and work problems were the main causes of stress among elderly people. They coped with stress by sharing problems with others, resting and relaxing, and/or doing housework during their free time.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics Committees
  2. Addressing procedural challenges of ethical review system: Towards a better ethical quality of clinical trials review in Malaysia
    See HY, Mohamed MS, Mohd Noor SN, Low WY
    Account Res, 2019 01;26(1):49-64.
    PMID: 30526066 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2018.1556646
    The review of clinical trials with human participants in Malaysia is governed by a decentralized control system. The clinical trial protocols are reviewed by 13 registered research ethics committees (RECs) in Malaysia. A governmental body, the National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau, is responsible for the inspection and oversight of these registered RECs to ensure that they comply with the regulatory requirements. However, this study highlights that each REC in Malaysia has a different standard operating procedure and ethical review process. Other procedural challenges identified include inadequate membership, poor mechanism for research monitoring after ethical approval, and insufficient resources. Establishments of a national standard of REC and a central ethics committee are suggested to ensure procedural compliance in the oversight of clinical trials in Malaysia. While there is a growing concern that procedural compliance may not have a direct impact on the protection of human subjects, our key point is that an ethical review system compliant with the national standards could serve as a strong framework to support and enhance the ethical quality of decision-making and judgement. We believe that being aware of how influential procedural compliance can be would help committees improve the ethical quality of their research review.
    Matched MeSH terms: Clinical Trials as Topic/ethics*; Ethics Committees
  3. Emphasizing the experiences of researchers after RCR instructions: Introduction to Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) in Malaysia
    Olesen AP, Amin L, Mahadi Z, Ibrahim M
    Account Res, 2019 04;26(3):157-175.
    PMID: 30982340 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2019.1607312
    The purpose of this study is to highlight the experiences of individuals who participate in the Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR) training program held at various universities in Malaysia. In response to a mailing request sent to 40 individuals who had undertaken a RCR training program, 15 participants agreed to be interviewed. The results of the study showed that the three main reasons for participating in the training were as follows: anticipation for knowledge gained; personal experience with research misconduct; and establishing a new network of researchers. In terms of the positive effects gained from undertaking the training, the participants highlighted an increased awareness of the issues and problems related to research misconduct; the need to promote integrity in research conduct; a change in the way they conduct their research; and a change in the way they confront and address misconduct. The findings of this study should be valuable for policy makers and those involved in the management of research programs and ethics, as it demonstrated the importance of RCR training in equipping researchers with the necessary knowledge to conduct research responsibly, and to avoid research misconduct.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Research/education*
  4. Whistle blowing and research integrity: Potential remedy for research misconduct in Malaysian institutions of higher education
    Olesen AP, Amin L, Mahadi Z, Ibrahim M
    Account Res, 2019 01;26(1):17-32.
    PMID: 30489163 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2018.1554444
    This study found that less than half of the respondents are willing to blow the whistle. The results reveal that a lack of protection with regard to the whistleblower's identity, the tedious investigative process, and the notion of avoiding confrontation, which is more apparent in Asian cultures as compared to the West, are among the reasons why individuals who witnessed misconduct chose to remain silent. Adhering to the Asian cultural upbringing where the young must respect the old, those of lower rank must obey those with higher authority, and subordinates do not question the actions of their superior, has become a norm even in the working environment. Therefore, emphasize the need for better protection for whistleblowers including using experienced individuals with a research ethics background to handle allegations from whistleblowers. In addition, established guidelines and procedures for whistleblowers with regard to voicing their allegations against colleagues engaged in research misconduct is still lacking or, to a certain extent, is still unknown to researchers. Thus, the concern indicates a need for institutions to create awareness among researchers regarding the existing platform for whistleblowers, or to develop a systematic and clear procedure which is reliable and independent to promote professionalism in academia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Scientific Misconduct/ethics*
  5. Malaysian researchers talk about the influence of culture on research misconduct in higher learning institutions
    Olesen AP, Amin L, Mahadi Z
    Account Res, 2017;24(8):469-482.
    PMID: 29087734 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2017.1399358
    Based on a previous survey by the Office of Research Integrity (ORI) in the USA, a considerable number of foreign research scientists have been found guilty of research misconduct. However, it remains unclear as to whether or not cultural factors really contribute to research misconduct. This study is based on a series of interviews with Malaysian researchers from the local universities regarding their own professional experiences involving working with researchers or research students from different countries or of different nationalities. Most of the researchers interviewed agreed that cultures do shape individual character, which influences the way that such individuals conduct research, their decision-making, and their style of academic writing. Our findings also showed that working culture within the institution also influences research practices, as well as faculty mentorship of the younger generation of researchers. Given the fact such misconduct might be due to a lack of understanding of research or working cultures or practices within the institution, the impact on the scientific community and on society could be destructive. Therefore, it is suggested that the institution has an important role to play in orienting foreign researchers through training, mentoring, and discussion with regard to the "does" and "don'ts" related to research, and to provide them with an awareness of the importance of ethics when it comes to conducting research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel/ethics*; Scientific Misconduct/ethics*
  6. Researchers experience of misconduct in research in Malaysian higher education institutions
    Olesen AP, Amin L, Mahadi Z
    Account Res, 2018;25(3):125-141.
    PMID: 29394103 DOI: 10.1080/08989621.2018.1429925
    This article offers a qualitative analysis of research misconduct witnessed by researchers during their careers, either by research students or fellow researchers, when conducting or supervising research in their respective departments. Interviews were conducted with 21 participants from various research backgrounds and with a range of research experience, from selected universities in Malaysia. Our study found that misbehavior such as manipulating research data, misrepresentation of research outcomes, plagiarism, authorship disputes, breaching of research protocols, and unethical research management was witnessed by participants among junior and senior researchers, albeit for different reasons. This indicates that despite the steps taken by the institutions to monitor research misconduct, it still occurs in the research community in Malaysian institution of higher education. Therefore, it is important to admit that misconduct still occurs and to create awareness and knowledge of it, particularly among the younger generation of researchers. The study concludes that it is better for researchers to be aware of the behaviors that are considered misconduct as well as the factors that contribute to misconduct to solve this problem.
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel/ethics*; Scientific Misconduct/ethics*
  7. Fulltext Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic
    Khoo EJ, Lantos JD
    Acta Paediatr, 2020 07;109(7):1323-1325.
    PMID: 32289175 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15307
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Research
  8. Ethical dilemmas related to predictions and warnings of impending natural disaster
    Phua KL, Hue JW
    Am J Disaster Med, 2013;8(4):243-52.
    PMID: 24481888 DOI: 10.5055/ajdm.2013.0130
    Scientists and policy makers issuing predictions and warnings of impending natural disaster are faced with two major challenges, that is, failure to warn and issuing a false alarm. The consequences of failure to warn can be serious for society overall, for example, significant economic losses, heavy infrastructure and environmental damage, large number of human casualties, and social disruption. Failure to warn can also have serious for specific individuals, for example, legal proceedings against disaster research scientists, as in the L'Aquila earthquake affair. The consequences of false alarms may be less serious. Nevertheless, false alarms may violate the principle of nonmaleficence (do no harm), affect individual autonomy (eg, mandatory evacuations), and may result in the "cry wolf" effect. Other ethical issues associated with natural disasters include the promotion of global justice through international predisaster technical assistance and postdisaster aid. Social justice within a particular country is promoted through greater postdisaster aid allocation to the less privileged.
    Matched MeSH terms: Decision Making/ethics; Social Control Policies/ethics*; Security Measures/ethics; Duty to Warn/ethics*; Needs Assessment/ethics; Resource Allocation/ethics
  9. Fulltext Current Status of "Watch-and-Wait" Rectal Cancer Treatment in Asia-Pacific Countries
    Huh JW, Maeda K, Liu Z, Wang X, Roslani AC, Lee WY
    Ann Coloproctol, 2020 Apr;36(2):70-77.
    PMID: 32054250 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2020.01.19
    PURPOSE: Current acceptance of the watch-and-wait (W&W) approach by surgeons in Asia-Pacific countries is unknown. An international survey was performed to determine status of the W&W approach on behalf of the Asia-Pacific Federation of Coloproctology (APFCP).

    METHODS: Surgeons in the APFCP completed an Institutional Review Board-approved anonymous e-survey and/or printed letters (for China) containing 19 questions regarding nonsurgical close observation in patients who achieved clinical complete response (cCR) to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT).

    RESULTS: Of the 417 responses, 80.8% (n = 337) supported the W&W approach and 65.5% (n = 273) treated patients who achieved cCR after nCRT. Importantly, 78% of participants (n = 326) preferred a selective W&W approach in patients with old age and medical comorbidities who achieved cCR. In regard to restaging methods after nCRT, the majority of respondents based their decision to use W&W on a combination of magnetic resonance imaging results (94.5%, n = 394) with other test results. For interval between nCRT completion and tumor response assessment, most participants used 8 weeks (n = 154, 36.9%), followed by 6 weeks (n = 127, 30.5%) and 4 weeks (n = 102, 24.5%). In response to the question of how often responders followed-up after W&W, the predominant period was every 3 months (209 participants, 50.1%) followed by every 2 months (75 participants, 18.0%). If local regrowth was found during follow-up, most participants (79.9%, n = 333) recommended radical surgery as an initial management.

    CONCLUSION: The W&W approach is supported by 80% of Asia-Pacific surgeons and is practiced at 65%, although heterogeneous hospital or society protocols are also observed. These results inform oncologists of future clinical study participation.

    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics Committees, Research
  10. Changes in the disease-specific quality of life following Dor fundoplication. A multicentre cross-sectional study
    Loo GH, Rajan R, Deva Tata M, Ritza Kosai N
    Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2020 Jul;55:252-255.
    PMID: 32528674 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.05.018
    Background: Gastrooesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a spectrum of symptoms arising from the laxity of the cardio-oesophageal junction. Anti-reflux surgery is reserved for patients with refractory GERD. Anterior partial fundoplication (Dor) is a regularly performed anti-reflux surgery in Malaysia. We intend to determine the improvement in disease-specific quality of life in our patients after surgery.

    Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted to assess patients' improvement in disease-specific quality of life after Dor fundoplication. Ethics approval was obtained from our institutional review board. Patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years who underwent Dor fundoplication within the past five years were assessed using the GERD HRQL as well as the VISICK score via telephone interview. We excluded cases of revision surgery.

    Results: Out of 129 patients screened, 55 patients were included. We found a significant improvement in patients' GERD HRQL score with the pre-operative mean score of 28.3 ± 9.39 and 6.55 ± 8.52 post-operatively, p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics Committees, Research
  11. Teaching and learning of professionalism in medical schools
    Sivalingam N
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 2004 Nov;33(6):706-10.
    PMID: 15608822
    Concerns about professionalism in medicine have made necessary the explicit teaching and learning of ethics, professionalism and personal development. The noble profession of medicine, taken up as a "calling" by those who are expected to put the needs of the patient above their own, appears to have become a fees-for-service business model and trade. Parental expectations, the diminishing sense of responsibility in teachers, lack of role models, technological advancements, sub-specialisation and third-party involvement in the healthcare delivery system have been identified as reasons for these concerns. The General Medical Council in the United Kingdom, and other professional bodies in both Europe and the Americas, have emphasised the need to enhance the teaching and learning of professionalism in medical schools, particularly the development of good attitudes, appropriate and competent skills, and the inculcation of a value system that reflects the tenets of professionalism in medicine. The medical curriculum will need to be scrutinised so as to introduce the subject of professionalism at all levels of training and education. Barriers to learning professionalism have been identified and students need to be equipped to resolve conflicts and to put the needs of others above their own.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Medical
  12. Ethical aspects in the use of radiation in medicine: update from ICRP Task Group 109
    Bochud F, Cantone MC, Applegate K, Coffey M, Damilakis J, Del Rosario Perez M, et al.
    Ann ICRP, 2020 Dec;49(1_suppl):143-153.
    PMID: 32777956 DOI: 10.1177/0146645320929630
    Whereas scientific evidence is the basis for recommendations and guidance on radiological protection, professional ethics is critically important and should always guide professional behaviour. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) established Task Group 109 to advise medical professionals, patients, families, carers, the public, and authorities about the ethical aspects of radiological protection of patients in the diagnostic and therapeutic use of radiation in medicine. Occupational exposures and research-related exposures are not within the scope of this task group. Task Group 109 will produce a report that will be available to the different interested parties for consultation before publication. Presently, the report is at the stage of a working document that has benefitted from an international workshop organised on the topic by the World Health Organization. It presents the history of ethics in medicine in ICRP, and explains why this subject is important, and the benefits it can bring to the standard biomedical ethics. As risk is an essential part in decision-making and communication, a summary is included on what is known about the dose-effect relationship, with emphasis on the associated uncertainties. Once this theoretical framework has been presented, the report becomes resolutely more practical. First, it proposes an evaluation method to analyse specific situations from an ethical point of view. This method allows stakeholders to review a set of six ethical values and provides hints on how they could be balanced. Next, various situations (e.g. pregnancy, elderly, paediatric, end of life) are considered in two steps: first within a realistic, ethically challenging scenario on which the evaluation method is applied; and second within a more general context. Scenarios are presented and discussed with attention to specific patient circumstances, and on how and which reflections on ethical values can be of help in the decision-making process. Finally, two important related aspects are considered: how should we communicate with patients, family, and other stakeholders; and how should we incorporate ethics into the education and training of medical professionals?
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Professional
  13. Research and Publishing Ethics among Iranian Researchers: The Realities
    Talebi Bezmin Abadi A, Lee JY
    Arch Iran Med, 2019 04 01;22(4):211-212.
    PMID: 31126180
    Matched MeSH terms: Research Personnel/ethics*; Biomedical Research/ethics*
  14. Review paper: Organ transplants: ethical, social, and religious issues in a multicultural society
    Robson NZ, Razack AH, Dublin N
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2010 Jul;22(3):271-8.
    PMID: 20460294 DOI: 10.1177/1010539509357446
    Recent advances in the fields of organ donation and organ transplant have introduced new hope for the treatment of serious diseases. However, this promise has been accompanied by several issues. The most common issue raised is ethical implications, but in a multicultural society like Malaysia, additional concerns arise pertaining to social and religious issues. These concerns needs to be addressed as attitudes toward and acceptability of organ donation varies according to social, culture, and religion. The diverse cultural, religious, and traditional concepts pertaining to organ donation may hamper its acceptability and cause a lack of willingness to donate organs. The purpose of this article is to briefly explore the ethical issues involved in organ transplant and the various religious opinions on organ donation. It is hoped that this knowledge and understanding may benefit both health care providers and patients in a multicultural society like Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tissue and Organ Procurement/ethics*; Organ Transplantation/ethics*
  15. Patient confidentiality, ethics and licensing in telemedicine
    Yadav H, Lin WY
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2001;13 Suppl:S36-8.
    PMID: 12109246
    Telemedicine is fast becoming popular in many countries in the world. It has several advantages such as being cost saving and providing better access to health care in the remote areas in many parts of the world. However, it has some disadvantages as well. One of the major problems is the problem of patients' rights and confidentiality in the use of telemedicine. There are no standard guidelines and procedures in the practice of telemedicine as yet. Both the patient and the physician are unsure of the standard of practice and how to maintain confidentiality. The patient is uncertain as to how to protect her/his rights in the use of telemedicine. The issue of litigation is also unclear as to where the physician is practicing when he/she uses telemedicine. Is she/he practicing in the country where the patient is or is the physician practicing in the country of her/his origin? These issues need to be addressed urgently so that telemedicine will have standards of ethical practice and the patient's rights and confidentiality will be protected.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Medical*
  16. Fulltext Ethical Guiding Principles of "Do No Harm" and the "Intention to Save Lives" in relation to Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research: Finding Common Ground between Religious Views and Principles of Medical Ethics
    Sivaraman MAF
    Asian Bioeth Rev, 2019 Dec;11(4):409-435.
    PMID: 33717326 DOI: 10.1007/s41649-019-00103-4
    One of the goals of medicine is to improve well-being, in line with the principle of beneficence (do no harm). Likewise, scientists claim that the goal of human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research is to find treatments for diseases. In hESC research, stem cells are harvested from a 5-day-old embryo. Surplus embryos from infertility treatments or embryos created for the sole purpose of harvesting stem cells are used in the research, and in the process the embryos get destroyed. The use of human embryos for research purpose raises ethical concern. In this context, the religious leaders play the role to be the moral compass and "reality check" to engage with the public. In Malaysia, the Ministry of Health has outlined the Guidelines for Stem Cell Research and Therapy, reflecting on Islamic principles. Since there has not been much focus on the viewpoints of other faiths in Malaysia, this study attempts to (i) explore the ethical guiding principles deliberated by religious leaders from the Buddhist, Hindu and Catholic traditions and (ii) identify if there is a common ground between the mainstream religious views and principles of medical ethics, in relation to hESC research. Eleven religious leaders representing the Buddhist, Hindu and Catholic traditions were interviewed. Interestingly, though reasoning of religious leaders came from different angles, their underlying concerns revolve around the values of "do no harm" and "intention to save lives". These values are also the key principles in medical ethics. The findings are applied to answer the question as to whether religious and medical guiding principles can co-exist and complement in ethical decision-making, without compromising the values.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ethics, Medical
  17. AFOMP policy number 6: code of ethics for medical physicists in AFOMP Countries
    Round WH, Ng KH, Rodriguez L, Thayalan K, Tang F, Srivastava R, et al.
    Australas Phys Eng Sci Med, 2018 Dec;41(4):809-810.
    PMID: 30406922 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-018-0708-x
    This policy statement, which is the sixth of a series of documents prepared by the Asia-Oceania Federation of Organizations for Medical Physics (AFOMP) Professional Development Committee, gives guidance on how medical physicists in AFOMP countries should conduct themselves in an ethical manner in their professional practice (Ng et al. in Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 32:175-179, 2009; Round et al. in Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 33:7-10, 2010; Round et al. in Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 34:303-307, 2011; Round et al. in Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 35:393-398, 2012; Round et al. in Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 38:217-221, 2015). It was developed after the ethics policies and codes of conducts of several medical physics societies and other professional organisations were studied. The policy was adopted at the Annual General Meeting of AFOMP held in Jaipur, India, in November 2017.
    Matched MeSH terms: Codes of Ethics
  18. Fulltext The pre-employment medical--ethical dilemmas for GPs
    Thuraisingham C, Nalliah S
    Aust Fam Physician, 2013 Apr;42(4):249-51.
    PMID: 23550254
    In many workplaces, employment is conditional on a successful pre-employment medical examination. This examination is usually conducted by a general practitioner on the employers' panel of approved clinics or by an in-house company doctor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Confidentiality/ethics; Personnel Selection/ethics*; Physician-Patient Relations/ethics; Disclosure/ethics; General Practitioners/ethics*
  19. Fulltext Social media: the bane of practitioners?
    Bhaskaran D
    BJOG, 2017 Feb;124(3):525.
    PMID: 28120546 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14295
    Matched MeSH terms: Social Media/ethics*
  20. Should a sperm donor have the right to contact the children born from his sperm?
    Tarmizi HM
    BJOG, 2019 Sep;126(10):1232.
    PMID: 31267661 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15840
    Matched MeSH terms: Civil Rights/ethics; Tissue Donors/ethics; Truth Disclosure/ethics*
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links