Yaws is an infectious, non-venereal disease of the tropical countries, which is caused by Treponema pertenue. Gangosa and goundou were seen commonly in cases of yaws in Africa, particularly in the early part of this century. After successful WHO mass treatment campaigns, these conditions are rarely seen now. A case of yaws with gangosa, goundou, and a nasopharyngeal carcinoma is presented here for its rarity.
Matched MeSH terms: Nose Deformities, Acquired/etiology*
A numerical simulation of a patient's nasal airflow was developed via computational fluid dynamics. Accordingly, computerized tomography scans of a patient with septal deviation and allergic rhinitis were obtained. The three-dimensional (3D) nasal model was designed using InVesalius 3.0, which was then imported to (computer aided 3D interactive application) CATIA V5 for modification, and finally to analysis system (ANSYS) flow oriented logistics upgrade for enterprise networks (FLUENT) to obtain the numerical solution. The velocity contours of the cross-sectional area were analyzed on four main surfaces: the vestibule, nasal valve, middle turbinate, and nasopharynx. The pressure and velocity characteristics were assessed at both laminar and turbulent mass flow rates for both the standardized and the patient's model nasal cavity. The developed model of the patient is approximately half the size of the standardized model; hence, its velocity was approximately two times more than that of the standardized model.