MyMedR

Environmental engineering education for developing countries: framework for the future

Ujang Z, Henze M, Curtis T, Schertenleib R, Beal LL

Water Sci Technol, 2004;49(8):1-10.

PMID: 15193088

This paper presents the existing philosophy, approach, criteria and delivery of environmental engineering education (E3) for developing countries. In general, environmental engineering is being taught in almost all major universities in developing countries, mostly under civil engineering degree programmes. There is an urgent need to address specific inputs that are particularly important for developing countries with respect to the reality of urbanisation and industrialisation. The main component of E3 in the near future will remain on basic sanitation in most developing countries, with special emphasis on the consumer-demand approach. In order to substantially overcome environmental problems in developing countries, E3 should include integrated urban water management, sustainable sanitation, appropriate technology, cleaner production, wastewater minimisation and financial framework.

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development

Fulltext The systematic cultural adaptation of a UK public health cancer awareness raising programme for Malaysia: the Be Cancer Alert Campaign

Schliemann D, Su TT, Paramasivam D, Somasundaram S, Ibrahim Tamin NSB, Dahlui M, et al.

Transl Behav Med, 2019 11 25;9(6):1087-1099.

PMID: 31583402 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibz134

Increasingly, policy and research attention is being directed toward improving global health in low- and middle-income countries. This study investigated the cultural adaptation of a UK-designed and developed evidence-based mass media campaign with the aim of improving colorectal cancer and breast cancer awareness in Malaysia. Guided by the heuristic framework of cultural adaptation, a multidisciplinary team adapted the UK Be Cancer Aware programme for implementation in the Malaysian context. The approach included five steps: (a) information gathering and needs assessment; (b) preliminary design; (c) preliminary testing; (d) refinement; and (e) final trial. Key findings from the information gathering stage related to the need to take into account differences in ethnicity, religion, and beliefs about cancer. Discussions with experts indicated that particular words were not acceptable in Malay culture and that specific aspects were "taboo" (e.g., showing pictures of breasts in relation to breast cancer on TV). Stage 3 of the analysis revealed that the presentation of cancer survivors rather than health professionals on programme materials was preferred by Malaysians and that there was a poor level of awareness about colorectal cancer. The results were used systematically to adapt two culturally suitable cancer awareness mass media campaigns for implementation in Malaysia. The developed materials were in line with government priorities and took into account the local health care system structure. The establishment of a partnership with key stakeholders (e.g., the Ministry of Health and the lead patient advocacy organization) and the application of a systematic approach to address cultural factors and resource constraints contribute to the successful implementation of public health programmes in global health settings.

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development

Fulltext National Cancer Patient Registry--Breast Cancer (NCPR-Breast Cancer)

Nor Aina E

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Sep;63 Suppl C:72-3.

PMID: 19227677

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in most part of the world and it is the most common cancer among Malaysian women. In order to estimate the overall survival and prognosis, it was decided that a National Cancer Patient Registry-Breast cancer be set up. It would be a tracking system form for breast cancer patients in Malaysia to help treatment outcomes. There would be useful for evaluating clinical management.

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development

Fulltext The foundation of NCVD PCI Registry: the Malaysia's first multi-centre interventional cardiology project

Liew HB, Rosli MA, Wan Azman WA, Robaayah Z, Sim KH, NCVD PCI investigators

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Sep;63 Suppl C:41-4.

PMID: 19230246

The National Cardiovascular Database for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (NCVD PCI) Registry is the first multicentre interventional cardiology project, involving the main cardiac centres in the country. The ultimate goal of NCVD PCI is to provide a contemporary appraisal of PCI in Malaysia. This article introduces the foundation, the aims, methodology, database collection and preliminary results of the first six-month database.

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development/methods*

Fulltext New registry: National Cancer Patient Registry--Colorectal Cancer

Wendy L, Radzi M

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Sep;63 Suppl C:57-8.

PMID: 19230248

Colorectal cancer is emerging as one of the commonest cancers in Malaysia. Data on colorectal cancer from the National Cancer Registry is very limited. Comprehensive information on all aspects of colorectal cancer, including demographic details, pathology and treatment outcome are needed as the management of colorectal cancer has evolved rapidly over the years involving several disciplines including gastroenterology, surgery, radiology, pathology and oncology. This registry will be an important source of information that can help the development of guidelines to improve colorectal cancer care relevant to this country. The database will initially recruit all colorectal cancer cases from eight hospitals. The data will be stored on a customized web-based case report form. The database has begun collecting data from 1 October 2007 and will report on its first year findings at the end of 2008.

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development

The Community Follow-up Project (CFUP)

Mohd Sidik S, Azhar MZ, Mohd Yunus A, Azlan Hamzah SA

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60 Suppl D:54-7.

PMID: 16315625

The Community Follow-up Project (CFUP) is a project where medical students choose a hospital in-ward patient during their clinical ward-based attachments and follow-up this patient's progress after discharge from the hospital. The students do a series of home visits and also accompany their patients for some of their follow-ups at the hospital, government clinics, general practitioners' clinics and even to the palliative care or social welfare centres. The students assess the physical, psychological and social impact of the illness on the patient, family and community. By following their patients from the time their patients were in the hospital and back to their homes and community, the students are able to understand in depth the problems faced by patients, the importance of communication skills in educating patients on their illness and the importance of good communication between primary, secondary and tertiary care.

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development

Recognition of higher medical institutions in Russia

Severyanova L, Lazarev A

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Aug;60 Suppl D:71-4.

PMID: 16315629

The Russian Federation of higher medical institutions get State accreditation, if their activity conforms to criteria determined by the Ministry of Public Health and the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation. Kursk State Medical University (KSMU) has a confirmed to requirement of accreditation by the Russian Federation, to conduct annually training of about 5000 students at 12 faculties. KSMU carries out pre-medical undergraduate and postgraduate training in the specialty "Doctor of medicine". For the first time in Russia KSMU was allowed to conduct a 6-year medical training with the use of English as an intermediary language by the Ministry of Public Health and the Ministry of Education. In this relation programmes of training teachers for conducting instruction with the use of an intermediary language (English) and training students Russian with the level necessary for free communication with Russian patients and staff of the clinics have been developed and realized.

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development

A mosque-based methadone maintenance treatment strategy: implementation and pilot results

Rashid RA, Kamali K, Habil MH, Shaharom MH, Seghatoleslam T, Looyeh MY

Int J Drug Policy, 2014 Nov;25(6):1071-5.

PMID: 25107831 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.07.003

BACKGROUND: This paper describes the rationale, implementation and operation of a "world first" Islamic inspired methadone maintenance treatment project delivered in a mosque setting and presents the outcome for the first group of participants. The project explored the viability of expanding addiction recovery services through the network of mosques in Muslim communities.
METHODS: The project combined methadone maintenance with peer and religious counseling. Participants consisted of 36 male Muslim heroin users who went through the project. Urine tests and self-reported measures on various dimensions relevant to drug use and quality of life were collected at baseline and 12 months.
RESULTS: The project had a 12 month retention rate of 80%. At 12 months all but one participant tested negative for opioids and other substances. Self-report measures showed significant reductions in the degree and variety of drug use, improvements in general health, and psychological and social functioning of participants. Qualitative data showed that availability of methadone, convenient location and religion were the main reasons drawing participants to the program.
CONCLUSIONS: Mosques are viable venues for offering medication assisted recovery services and offer an alternative approach for managing addiction in Muslim communities. The prospect of mobilizing community resources to offer community-oriented long-term recovery management programs in mosques and other places of worship deserves consideration.
KEYWORDS: Islamic intervention; MMT in mosque; Malaysia; Methadone maintenance

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development

Designing a prehospital system for a developing country: estimated cost and benefits

Hauswald M, Yeoh E

Am J Emerg Med, 1997 Oct;15(6):600-3.

PMID: 9337371

Many of the costs associated with prehospital care in developed countries are covered in budgets for fire suppression, police services, and the like. Determining these costs is therefore difficult. The costs and benefits of developing a prehospital care system for Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, which now has essentially no emergency medical services (EMS) system, were estimated. Prehospital therapies that have been suggested to decrease mortality were identified. A minimal prehospital system was designed to deliver these treatments in Kuala Lumpur. The potential benefit of these therapies was calculated by using statistics from the United States corrected for demographic differences between the United States and Malaysia. Costs were extrapolated from the current operating budget of the Malaysian Red Crescent Society. Primary dysrhythmias are responsible for almost all potentially survivable cardiac arrests. A system designed to deliver a defibrillator to 85% of arrests within 6 minutes would require an estimated 48 ambulances. Kuala Lumpur has approximately 120 prehospital arrhythmic deaths per year. A 6% resuscitation rate was chosen for the denominator, resulting in seven survivors. Half of these would be expected to have significant neurological damage. Ambulances cost $53,000 (US dollars) to operate per year in Kuala Lumpur; 48 ambulances would cost a total of $2.5 million. Demographic factors and traffic problems would significantly increase the cost per patient. Other therapies, including medications, airway management, and trauma care, were discounted because both their additional cost and their benefit are small. Transport of patients (including trauma) is now performed by police or private vehicle and would probably take longer by ambulance. A prehospital system for Kuala Lumpur would cost approximately $2.5 million per year. It might save seven lives, three of which would be marred by significant neurological injury. Developing countries would do well to consider alternatives to a North American EMS model.

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development

Student-involved demonstration approach to teach the physiology of vestibular apparatus for undergraduate medical students

Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Nayak S

Teach Learn Med, 2011 Jul-Sep;23(3):269-77.

PMID: 21745063 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2011.586930

It is quite difficult to teach complex topics like the physiology of vestibular apparatus to undergraduate students. Understanding the orientation and mode of stimulation of receptors in vestibular apparatus is also quite challenging for the students. As faculty we attempt to use innovative methods to teach physiology and enhance student learning.

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development

An overview of the national telehealth initiative in Malaysia

Maon SN, Edirippulige S

Stud Health Technol Inform, 2010;161:95-103.

PMID: 21191162

Malaysia's national health statistics for the last half century show a remarkable improvement in the nation's health status. One important factor for this improvement is the Malaysian government's proactive intervention in the health sector. Among others, e-health has played a vital role in delivering and managing healthcare services in Malaysia. While the Government has integrated telehealth in its national digital infrastructure re-design, it has heavily invested in telehealth. The enactment of new laws to facilitate telehealth practices can also be noted as an important measure.

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development*

Telehealth: the backbone of healthcare financing

Suleiman AB

Stud Health Technol Inform, 2004;104:182-90.

PMID: 15747978 DOI: 10.3233/978-1-60750-947-9-182

Malaysia, like many other countries faces major challenges in meeting increasing demands with limited resources. Changes in demography, life-style diseases, increasing consumer expectations, new medical technologies and rapid economic growth all fuel demand for more healthcare services. There are problems related to the distribution and delivery of healthcare services, and there is inadequate integration of healthcare delivery and continuity of care is a major concern. Resources tend to be concentrated in the very expensive hospital sector, although services would be cost-effectively and conveniently delivered at primary care level. There is no ideal healthcare system, and how healthcare is supported and organized for service delivery influences the country's social, economic and political well-being. Like many other countries, Malaysia is undergoing health reform in meeting these challenges, and is becoming more reliant on telemedicine and telehealth.

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development*

Integrated telehealth: putting it all together and addressing the challenges

Harum H

Stud Health Technol Inform, 2004;104:75-86.

PMID: 15747966

The Integrated Telehealth Project of Malaysia is considered a principal enabler for the nation's Vision 2020 as well as the National Health Vision. Being in such an unenviable position, of being not only the pioneer for such an integrated project, but also with no benchmark to compare with, the project implementers have faced manifold challenges along the way. This chapter deals with some of the challenges and lessons learnt that have accumulated as the project progressed.

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development*

E-leadership in the digital age: the equilibrium, the codes and the digital gap

Harum H

Stud Health Technol Inform, 2004;104:30-40.

PMID: 15747961

Malaysia's experience in implementing the Integrated Telehealth Project has placed her way ahead in the arena of world Telehealth. Thus, she has become the focus point, reference point and benchmark for similar endeavors around the world. In fact, it would not be presumptuous to state that the Integrated Telehealth project is a trail-blazing pioneer with e-leadership experience and skills developed over the last few years. It is hoped that the Integrated Telehealth concept will find acceptance and credence globally.

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development*

Multidimensional model to assess the readiness of Kuwait to implement evidence-based child maltreatment prevention programs at a national level

Alkhawari M, Ali K, Al-Abdul Razzaq F, Saleheen HN, Almuneef M, Al-Eissa MA

Public Health, 2020 Apr;181:182-188.

PMID: 32088599 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.01.005

OBJECTIVE: To assess the readiness to implement child maltreatment (CM) prevention programs at a national level.

STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study.

METHODS: This study was completed alongside similar studies undertaken by the rest of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and led by Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The study will allow further understanding of possible obstacles that may be encountered while implementing a nationwide prevention program. The 10-dimensional model of readiness had been developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) in collaboration with five countries (Brazil, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa) through a five-stage process. Stakeholders and decision makers were invited to participate. Scores for each dimension were compared with those for the rest of the GCC countries.

RESULTS: The overall score of Kuwait was 39.17 out of 100. This was below the mean average score for the GCC countries (47.83). Out of the 10 dimensions, key informants scored the highest on legislation, mandates and policies (6.61). The lowest score was reported on attitudes towards CM prevention (1.94). Informal social resources (5.72) ranked the highest as compared to the rest of the GCC countries.

CONCLUSIONS: The readiness of Kuwait is weak on several dimensions and needs to be strengthened. Despite that, the country is moderately ready to implement large-scale evidence-based CM prevention programs because it is strong in the infrastructure of knowledge, legislation, mandates, and policies and informal social resources.

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development

Malaysian youth and their sexual health concerns

Pau V

Plan Parent Chall, 1995.

PMID: 12319372

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development*

Fulltext Teaching and learning of postgraduate medical physics using Internet-based e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic - A case study from Malaysia

Azlan CA, Wong JHD, Tan LK, A D Huri MSN, Ung NM, Pallath V, et al.

Phys Med, 2020 Dec;80:10-16.

PMID: 33070007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2020.10.002

PURPOSE: We present the implementation of e-learning in the Master of Medical Physics programme at the University of Malaya during a partial lockdown from March to June 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: Teaching and Learning (T&L) activities were conducted virtually on e-learning platforms. The students' experience and feedback were evaluated after 15 weeks.

RESULTS: We found that while students preferred face-to-face, physical teaching, they were able to adapt to the new norm of e-learning. More than 60% of the students agreed that pre-recorded lectures and viewing videos of practical sessions, plus answering short questions, were beneficial. Certain aspects, such as hands-on practical and clinical experience, could never be replaced. The e-learning and study-from-home environment accorded a lot of flexibility. However, students also found it challenging to focus because of distractions, lack of engagement and mental stress. Technical problems, such as poor Internet connectivity and limited data plans, also compounded the problem.

CONCLUSION: We expect e-learning to prevail in future. Hybrid learning strategies, which includes face-to-face classes and e-learning, will become common, at least in the medical physics programme of the University of Malaya even after the pandemic.

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development

ESCAP/POPIN Working Group on Development of Population Information Centres and Network: report on the meeting held from 20 to 23 June 1984

United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ESCAP. Population Division, United Nations. Department of International Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division. International Population Information Network POPIN

POPIN Bull, 1984 Dec.

PMID: 12267292

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development*

Twelve tips for effective lecturing in a PBL curriculum

Malik AS, Malik RH

Med Teach, 2012;34(3):198-204.

PMID: 22364451 DOI: 10.3109/0142159X.2011.588741

Retaining lectures in problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum places new demands on lecturers. In addition to subject knowledge, the lecturers must know the overall aims of the lectures, their context in the course, their relation to the subsequent examinations and the underlying educational philosophy.

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development/methods

Twelve tips for developing an integrated curriculum

Malik AS, Malik RH

Med Teach, 2011;33(2):99-104.

PMID: 20874013 DOI: 10.3109/0142159X.2010.507711

Integration of curriculum is meant to make the teaching/learning activities meaningful; however, the interpretation of 'integration' varies in different institutions and among individuals. Many medical schools find it hard to change their existing curriculum or develop a new integrated curriculum mainly because of lack of will, infrastructure and understanding the process of change.

Matched MeSH terms: Program Development

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