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Fulltext Malignant melanoma of the gastrointestinal tract presenting as a bleeding gastric ulcer

Noraidah M, Jasmi AY

Malays J Pathol, 2003 Jun;25(1):57-61.
PMID: 16196379

Malignant melanoma involving the gastrointestinal tract is diagnosed antemortem in only a small percentage of patients with the disease. Presenting symptoms are often non-specific, causing a diagnostic problem. The vast majority of such melanomas are metastatic from a cutaneous primary, however there is evidence that the tumour can arise de novo in the gastrointestinal system. We report a 74-year-old man with malignant melanoma with an unusual presentation simulating a symptomatic gastric ulcer. He presented with epigastric pain, haematemesis and melaena. Explorative laparotomy revealed a large ulcerated tumour with several pigmented satellite nodules in the proximal stomach, multiple ileal nodules and widespread nodal and liver metastases. Proximal gastrectomy and limited small bowel resection was performed. Histology revealed the tumour to be composed of nests of epithelioid cells with melanin pigment. The tumour cells showed immunohistochemical positivity for S100 protein and HMB45 antibodies. This report emphasizes that melanoma should be a diagnostic consideration in patients with gastric ulcer.

Matched MeSH terms: S100 Proteins/metabolism
Overexpression of S100A4 as a biomarker of metastasis and recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Natarajan J, Hunter K, Mutalik VS, Radhakrishnan R

J Appl Oral Sci, 2014 12 4;22(5):426-33.
PMID: 25466476

S100A4, a biomarker of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT), plays an important role in invasion and metastasis by promoting cancer cell motility. In oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), metastasis results in 90% of cancer associated mortality.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of S100A4 expression as an important component of the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) program in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).
MATERIAL AND METHODS: S100A4 protein expression was assessed semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemistry in 47 histologically confirmed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and 10 normal oral mucosal biopsies. The association between the S100A4 overexpression and the aggressive features of OSCC were analyzed by X2 test.
RESULTS: Moderate to strong cytoplasmic expression of S100A4 was observed in 30 out of 47 specimens of OSCC (64%). Overexpression of S100A4 was significantly associated with the clinical stage, lymph node involvement, metastases, pattern of invasion and recurrence (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION: S100A4 expression represents an important biomarker of prognostic significance that may be used to identify a subset of patients at high risk of invasion and metast.

Matched MeSH terms: S100 Proteins/metabolism*
Fulltext Extra-adrenal paraganglioma: presentation in three uncommon locations

Mun KS, Pailoor J, Chan KS, Pillay B

Malays J Pathol, 2009 Jun;31(1):57-61.
PMID: 19694315 MyJurnal

Extra-adrenal paragangliomata are uncommon entities. They can be classified into four basic groups according to their anatomical sites, i.e. branchiomeric, intravagal, aorticosympathetic and visceral autonomic. Similar tumours may arise in sites away from the usual distribution of the sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia, e.g. orbit, nose, small intestine and even in the pancreas. We report three instructive cases of extra-adrenal paraganglioma which were found in unusual sites such as urinary bladder, thyroid gland and on the wall of the inferior vena cava.

Matched MeSH terms: S100 Proteins/metabolism
Fulltext A clinical and immunohistochemical study of gastrointestinal stromal tumours

Khoo JJ, Gunn A

Malays J Pathol, 2005 Jun;27(1):9-16.
PMID: 16676687

AIM: To study the clinical features, histology and immunohistochemical properties of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs); and establish any parameters that can help prognosticate the malignant potential.
METHODS: Twenty-six patients with GISTs who were seen in Sultanah Aminah Hospital Johor, Malaysia from 1999 to 2003 were selected for study. Patient, clinical characteristics and outcome based on surgical records were analysed. Tumour variables (tumour size, cellularity, mitotic count, necrosis and haemorrhage) were compared between very low to low risk groups and intermediate to high risk groups. The immunohistochemical properties of GISTs were also studied.
RESULTS: Patients with GISTs presented mainly with pain, palpable mass or gastrointestinal tract bleeding. The tumours were seen in stomach (50%) followed by small intestine (38.5%) and rectum (11.5%). In the period of study, six patients had metastasis, mainly in the liver or peritoneum. Immunoreactivity for CD117, CD34, vimentin, S100, neuron specific enolase, alpha-smooth-muscle-actin and desmin were observed in 100%, 76.9%, 61.5%, 46.1%, 80.8%, 11.5% and 0% of tumours respectively. The behaviour of GISTs was largely dependent on tumour size and number of mitosis. Necrosis and haemorrhage were seen in tumours with high risk potential.

Matched MeSH terms: S100 Proteins/metabolism