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Tear evaluation of subjects wearing rigid gas permeable contact lens for six months: the Asian context

Mohd-Ali B, Leong SF, Abdul-Mutalib H, Mohidin N

Clin Ter, 2011;162(4):327-30.
PMID: 21912820

OBJECTIVE: Asians are known to have different tear characteristics compared to Caucasians that may affect contact lens wear. There are scanty research studies that have evaluated tears during continuous wear contact lens in Asia. The present study aims to evaluate changes in tears in subjects wearing continuous wear rigid gas permeable contact lens (CWRGP) for 6 months.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty five neophyte subjects (21 females, 14 females) were recruited for this study. Subjects were fitted with CWRGP lenses with Dk of 163 on both eyes. Tear was evaluated using Phenol red thread test (PRT), tear break up time (TBUT) test and tear meniscus height (TMH) measurement. Non parametric and parametric analyses were used to compare the parameters.
RESULTS: Values at baseline (BL) and six months (6M) were as follow: PRT, BL=19.10 ± 3.86 mm, 6M= 21.02 ± 4.27 mm, TBUT, BL= 8.58 ± 4.90 sec, 6M=8.08 ± 5.32 sec, TMH, BL= 0.38 ± 0.12 mm, 6M= 0.34 ± 0.07 mm. Statistical analysis showed significant difference in tear volume for PRT only at 6 months (p=0.007).
CONCLUSION: Our analysis showed minimal change in the tear characteristics after six months of CWRGP lens wear, which indicated low impact of CWRGP contact lens on tears characteristics of Asian eyes. However, careful monitoring is required to prevent development of adverse events during contact lens wear.

Matched MeSH terms: Tears/chemistry*
Tear cytokine levels in allergic rhinitis without ocular symptoms

Tai ELM, Loong LJ, Madhusudhan P, Ramli RR, Che Maraina CH, Hussein A

Can J Ophthalmol, 2019 10;54(5):635-639.
PMID: 31564357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2018.12.003

OBJECTIVE: To compare cytokine levels in the pre-corneal tear film between patients with allergic rhinitis, allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and the normal population.
DESIGN: A comparative cross sectional study.
PARTICIPANTS: Patients were divided into Group 1 (allergic rhinitis without conjunctivitis), Group 2 (allergic rhinoconjunctivitis), and Group 3 (normal population).
METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted. Patients were divided into; Group 1 (allergic rhinitis without conjunctivitis), Group 2 (allergic rhinoconjunctivitis), and Group 3 (normal controls). Tears were collected using Schirmer strips and cytokine analysis performed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.
RESULTS: There were a total of 68 subjects. Median values of cytokines in the allergic rhinitis group were as follows; TNFa (45.34 pg/ml), IL-4 (61.91 pg/ml), IL-5 (8.92 pg/ml), IL-6 (538.37 pg/ml) and IL-8 (1438.72 pg/ml). Cytokine levels in the group with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis were approximately two-fold higher than in the group with allergic rhinitis only. The median cytokine level in the control group was lowest. A significant inter-group difference was observed for TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-8 levels, with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis patients demonstrating significantly elevated cytokines compared to those with allergic rhinitis only (p<0.001). These four cytokines were also significantly higher in those with allergic rhinitis than in controls (p<0.005). Although the group with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis had the highest levels of IL-5, no statistically significant inter-group difference was noted (p=0.479).
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the presence of raised tear film inflammatory cytokines even in allergic rhinitis patients without ocular symptoms. These patients may be at increased risk of developing allergic conjunctivitis. These findings not only substantiate the immunological theory of the naso-ocular reflex, but have clinical and therapeutic implications for the holistic management of allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis.

Matched MeSH terms: Tears/chemistry*
Effects of wink glass on blink rate, nibut and ocular surface symptoms during visual display unit use

Ang CK, Mohidin N, Chung KM

Curr Eye Res, 2014 Sep;39(9):879-84.
PMID: 25014251 DOI: 10.3109/02713683.2013.859273

PURPOSE/AIM: Wink glass (WG), an invention to stimulate blinking at interval of 5 s was designed to reduce dry eye symptoms during visual display unit (VDU) use. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of WG on visual functions that include blink rate, ocular surface symptoms (OSS) and tear stability during VDU use.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 26 young and asymptomatic subjects were instructed to read articles in Malay language with a computer for 20 min with WG whereby their blink rate, pre- and post-task tear break-up time, and OSS were recorded. The results were compared to another reading session of the subjects wearing a transparent plastic sheet as a control.
RESULTS: Non-invasive tear break-up time was reduced after reading session with transparent plastic sheet (pre-task = 5.97 s, post-task = 5.14 s, z = -2.426, p = 0.015, Wilcoxon), but remained stable (pre-task = 5.62 s, post-task = 5.35 s, z = -0.67, p = 0.501) during the reading session with WG. The blink rate recorded during reading session with plastic sheet was 9 blinks/min (median) and this increased to 15 blinks/min (z = -3.315, p = 0.001) with WG. The reading task caused OSS (maximum scores = 20) with median score of 1 (0-8) reduced to median score of 0 (0-3) after wearing WG (z = -2.417, p = 0.016).
CONCLUSION: WG was found to increase post-task tear stability, increased blinking rate and reduced OSS during video display unit use among young and healthy adults. Although it may be considered as an option to improve dry eye symptoms among VDU users, further studies are warranted to establish its stability and its effect on subjects with dry eyes.
KEYWORDS: Blink rate; Wink glass; non-invasive tear break-up time; visual display units

Matched MeSH terms: Tears/chemistry*

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