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  1. Natural cryptic autoantibodies
    Cheng HM
    Autoimmunity, 1998;27(2):99-108.
    PMID: 9583741
    Matched MeSH terms: Autoantigens/immunology
  2. Fulltext Advances in immunotherapy using dendritic cells
    Radhakrishnan, Ammu Kutty
    International e-Journal of Science, Medicine & Education, 2012;6(10):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    The immune system is the host natural defence against cancer. Cancers are caused by progressive growth of the progeny of a single transformed host cell. The immune system is generally not able to mount immune responses to “self-antigens”, due to various mechanisms of immunological tolerance that are in place. This means that despite possessing a natural defence against tumours, many of the cancer patients may not be able
    to mount an effective immune response to fight the tumours. Dendritic cells (DC) are highly specialised in antigen presenting that can initiate and stimulate immune responses. These cells have the ability to stimulate naïve T cell proliferation and perform specific stimulatory and tolerogenic functions respectively. When the DC are activated by antigens, these cells
    undergoes further maturation and migrate to secondary lymphoid tissues, present antigen to T cells and finally induce an immune response. The ability of the DC to activate naïve and primed T-lymphocytes makes these cells a good candidate to be explored as a potential immunotherapeutic agent that can modulate antitumour immune responses in the affected host.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autoantigens
  3. Construction of Naïve and Immune Human Fab Phage Display Library
    Lai JY, Lim TS
    Methods Mol Biol, 2023;2702:39-58.
    PMID: 37679614 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3381-6_3
    Phage display has been applied successfully for the rapid isolation of monoclonal antibodies against various targets including infectious diseases, autoantigens, cancer markers, and even small molecules. The main component in any phage display experiment is the availability of an antibody library to carry out the selection process of target-specific antibodies through an iterative process termed as biopanning. To generate human antibody libraries, the antibody repertoire can be obtained from human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) or directly from cell-sorted B-cell populations. The choice of antibody isotype is dictated by the nature of the library. Naïve libraries would utilize IgM repertoires, whereas the IgG repertoire is commonly used for immune libraries. Antibody genes are amplified through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and paired in a combinatorial fashion to expand the diversity of the cloned library repertoire. The protocol here describes the use of a two-step cloning method that can be applied for the construction of either a naïve or immune human antibody library in Fab format followed by the subsequent panning.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autoantigens
  4. The prevalence of antinuclear, anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm and anti-RNP antibodies in a group of healthy blood donors
    Azizah MR, Azila MN, Zulkifli MN, Norita TY
    Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 1996 Dec;14(2):125-8.
    PMID: 9177827
    We studied the prevalence of antinuclear (ANA), anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA), anti-Sm and anti-RNP antibodies in a group of 93 blood donors (age range: 18-58 years). Antinuclear and anti-ds DNA antibodies were detected by immunofluorescence (IF) using HEp2 cells and Crithidia luciliae as substrates, respectively, while anti-Sm and anti-RNP antibodies were assayed by ELISA. ANA was found in 6.5% while anti-dsDNA antibodies were not detected in any of the subjects. The 98th percentile was used as cut off where values greater than 0.651 for anti-Sm and 0.601 for anti-RNP antibodies were taken to be positive. This gives a frequency of 1.1% for both antibodies. There was no significant association of antibody positivity with sex or race. We conclude that certain autoantibodies are present in low titres in the normal Malaysian Individuals, at a different frequency compared to other studies probably due to genetic, ethic or environmental factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autoantigens/immunology*
  5. Antinuclear antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus
    Fong KY, Boey ML, Howe HS, Feng PH
    Med J Malaysia, 1989 Jun;44(2):151-5.
    PMID: 2626124
    Autoantibodies to the three extractable nuclear antigens (ENA), Anti-SSA (Ro), Anti-Sm, Anti-RNP and antinuclear antibodies were determined in 150 patients with SLE. Seventy patients (46.7%) had Anti-SSA (Ro), 40 (26.7%) Anti-Sm and 25 (16.7%) Anti-RNP antibodies. Ninety four percent patients had a positive Fluorescent anti-nuclear antibody (FANA) test. The commonest FANA pattern is the speckled pattern. Subclinical keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) was present in 60% patients. No correlation could be demonstrated between the presence of ENA autoantibodies and the clinical features of patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autoantigens/immunology
  6. A study of haemolytic streptococci isolated from outpatients in dermatological clinics
    Murai T, Inazumi Y, Nishiwaki M, Noda Y, Hino H
    Kansenshogaku Zasshi, 1991 Aug;65(8):960-9.
    PMID: 1919131
    A total of 44 patients suspected of streptococcal infections were studied in outpatient clinics in Tokyo during the one year from December 1988 to December 1989. Employing bacteriological culturing and serodiagnosis, the following results were obtained. 1) There were 9 cases of impetigo and 15 cases of erysipelas with typical clinical manifestations and age distributions. 2) It seemed that some of the skin infections were caused by group A streptococci whose M-types were different from those of upper respiratory infections typically occurring in Japan. 3) The type distribution of group A streptococci found were quite similar to those isolated in Thailand or Malaysia. 4) There were found group A streptococci exhibiting unique combinations of T- and M-types, such as T11 and M9, T11 and M62 or T13-49 and MOD8 (Provisional type). 5) As for serodiagnostic method, ADNB (anti-deoxyribonuclease B) titer reflected infection by group A streptococcus only, while ASK (anti-streptokinase) and ASO (anti-streptolysin O) reflected not only group A streptococcal infections but group G infections as well.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autoantigens/immunology
  7. Autoantibody profile of patients infected with knowlesi malaria
    Liew J, Amir A, Chen Y, Fong MY, Razali R, Lau YL
    Clin Chim Acta, 2015 Aug 25;448:33-8.
    PMID: 26086445 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.06.006
    Autoantibodies or antibodies against self-antigens are produced either during physiological processes to maintain homeostasis or pathological process such as trauma and infection. Infection with parasites including Plasmodium has been shown to generally induce elevated self-antibody (autoantibody) levels. Plasmodium knowlesi is increasingly recognized as one of the most important emerging human malaria in Southeast Asia that can cause severe infection leading to mortality. Autoimmune-like phenomena have been hypothesized to play a role in the protective immune responses in malaria infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autoantigens/immunology
  8. Fulltext HLA antigens in Malay patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: association with clinical and autoantibody expression
    Azizah MR, Ainol SS, Kong NCT, Normaznah Y, Rahim MN
    Korean J. Intern. Med., 2001 Jun;16(2):123-31.
    PMID: 11590899 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2001.16.2.123
    BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that certain genes within the major histocompatibility complex predispose to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and may influence clinical and autoantibody expression. Thus, we studied the frequency of HLA-DR, -DQA, -DQB and -DPB alleles in ethnic Malays with SLE to determine the role of these genes in determining disease susceptibility and their association with clinical and immunological manifestations.
    METHODS: Fifty-six Malay SLE patients were enrolled into the study. Demographic, clinical and immunological findings were obtained from medical records. HLA-DR, DQ and DP typing were done using modified PCR-RELP. Controls were from ethnically-matched healthy individuals.
    RESULTS: We found a strongly significant association of the DR2 and DQB1 *0501 and DQB1*0601 (pcorr = 0.03, rr = 3.83, pcorr = 0.0036, rr = 4.56 and pcorr = 0.0048 and rr = 6.0, respectively). There was also a weak increase of DQB1*0.201 and DPB1*0.0901 with a weak decrease of DQA1*0601 and DQB1*0503 and *0301 which were not significant after corrections for multiple comparisons were made. There was a significant positive association of DR2 and DQB1*0501 with renal involvement and DR8 with alopecia. A nonsignificant increase of DQB1*0503 in patients with photosensitivity was noted. Significant autoantibody associations were also found: DQB1*0601 with anti-Sm/RNP, DR2 with antiSSA (Ro)/SSB (La), and DR2, DQB1*0501 and *0601 with antibodies to ds DNA. There was no specific DR, DQ or DP associations with age of disease onset (below 30 years or those at or above 30 years).
    CONCLUSION: Our data suggests the role of the HLA class II genes in conferring SLE susceptibility and in clinical and autoantibody expression.
    Study site: SLE Clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Matched MeSH terms: Autoantigens/analysis; Autoantigens/genetics*
  9. Prevalence and clinical significance of antibodies to ribonucleoproteins in systemic lupus erythematosus in Malaysia
    Wang CL, Ooi L, Wang F
    Br J Rheumatol, 1996 Feb;35(2):129-32.
    PMID: 8612023
    One hundred and seventy patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied for the prevalence of antibodies to the small RNA-associated proteins Ro/SSA, La/SSB, Sm, U1RNP and Sm. The relationship of these autoantibodies to different races, sexes and clinical manifestations of SLE was evaluated. Passive immunodiffusion was employed using human spleen extract as antigen source for Ro and rabbit thymus extract for La, Sm and U1RNP. We found the prevalence of antibodies to be as follows: anti-Ro/SSA, 36%; anti-La/SSB, 8%; anti-Sm, 15% ; anti-U1RNP, 21%. Except for a low prevalence of anti-La, the prevalence of these antibodies was similar to that in Western studies, The prevalence of anti-Ro/SSA is similar to that reported in the Western studies, but lower than that reported in the Oriental patients from Singapore and Hong Kong. Linkages of anti-Ro with anti-La antibodies were usual; however, although anti-Sm antibodies were usually associated with anti-U1RNP, they were more frequently associated with anti-Ro antibodies. The Malay patients had a high prevalence of anti U1RNP compared to other races. No gender difference was detected. Anti-Sm antibody was associated with serositis and anti-U1RNP antibodies with Raynaud's phenomenon. No association was found between the presence of skin renal or cerebral manifestations and any specific antibodies or combination of antibodies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autoantigens/analysis; Autoantigens/immunology*
  10. Fulltext High prevalence of thyroid antibodies in urban population of Peninsular Malaysia
    MA, Shahar, Ahmad Marzuki Omar, N, AB Wahab, N, Sukor, NA, Kamaruddin
    IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 2020;19(2):3-12.
    MyJurnal
    INTRODUCTION: Thyroid antibodies are closely related to autoimmune thyroid disorders. To date, there
    are no data on the prevalence of these antibodies among the Malaysian population. This study aimed to
    determine the prevalence of thyroid antibodies; and the factors associated with thyroid antibodies in the
    Malaysian adult population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in 5 preassigned regions in Peninsular Malaysia. Participants’ sociodemographic profile and medical history were
    recorded. Physical examinations were done looking for abnormalities of the thyroid gland and signs of thyroid
    dysfunctions. Fifteen mils of blood were withdrawn and analysed for thyroid function, anti-thyroperoxidase
    (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroglobulin (anti-TG) antibodies at a central laboratory. RESULTS: Among the total of
    2190 respondents, the overall prevalence of positive anti-TPO and anti-TG antibodies were 12.2% and 12.1%,
    respectively; mainly found in urban and coastal areas. Only 7% to 9% of those with positive anti-TPO or antiTG antibodies had either hypo- or hyperthyroidism. The predictors for positive anti-TPO antibody were
    female [adjusted OR 1.7 (95%CI: 1.2–2.4); p=0.001], Indian [adjusted OR 1.9 (95%CI: 1.1–3.1); p=0.020], and
    having a goitre [adjusted OR 1.8 (95%CI: 1.2–2.8), p=0.004]. The predictors of positive anti-TG antibody was
    female [adjusted OR 2.3 (95%CI: 1.6–3.3); p
    Matched MeSH terms: Autoantigens
  11. Fulltext Autoimmune Thyroiditis as Initial Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Complicated by Massive Ascites: A Case Report
    Abdullah NRA, Akbar RZA
    J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc, 2017;32(1):50-53.
    PMID: 33442085 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.032.01.09
    Autoimmune thyroiditis in the course of other autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is common because these disorders are attributed to the production of autoantibodies against various autoantigens. Beyond this association, autoimmune thyroiditis can occur before, during or after the development of SLE. In this report, we describe a female who presented with facial puffiness, lethargy and progressive abdominal distension. She was diagnosed with autoimmune thyroiditis followed by the diagnosis of SLE complicated by a massive ascites, a rare form of lupus peritonitis, which is sterile ascites that results from severe serositis. Her presentation was complex and posed a diagnostic challenge and dilemma to the physicians involved in her care.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autoantigens
  12. CIP2A expression in high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate adenocarcinoma: a tissue mıcroarray study
    Celikden SG, Baspinar S, Ozturk SA, Karaibrahimoglu A
    Malays J Pathol, 2020 Aug;42(2):227-236.
    PMID: 32860375
    INTRODUCTION: CIP2A is an oncoprotein involved in the progression of several human malignancies. It has recently been described as a prognostic marker in many cancers. The present study aimed to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of CIP2A in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostate cancer (PC), and to analyse the association with the clinicopathological parameters in PC cases to define its role in the development and progression of PC.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining for CIP2A was performed on the tissue microarray sections of 105 PC, 27 HGPIN and 27 BPH tissues. The CIP2A expression scores were compared with several clinicopathological parameters.

    RESULTS: CIP2A was expressed in 96,2% of PC, 55,6% of HGPIN and 40,7% of BPH tissues. The expression of CIP2A in PC was significantly higher than in HGPIN (p<0.0001) and BPH (p<0.0001) cases. CIP2A expression score was significantly associated with Gleason score (p=0.032) and lymphovascular invasion (p=0.039). Nevertheless, there was no statistically significant association between the expression of CIP2A and perineural invasion, pT stage, metastasis and recurrence (p>0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that GS, lymphovascular invasion, distant metastasis were independent prognostic factors for PC patients but, CIP2A expression score was not found to be a prognostic factor. Additionally, there was no significant difference between the survival times of patients according to CIP2A expression (p=0.174).

    CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, the expression of CIP2A protein is increased in PC and its expression may be involved in the development, differentiation, and aggressiveness of PC. However, further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to clarify the role of CIP2A in the development of PC.

    Matched MeSH terms: Autoantigens/metabolism*
  13. Keloids - the sebum hypothesis revisited
    Fong EP, Bay BH
    Med Hypotheses, 2002 Apr;58(4):264-9.
    PMID: 12027517
    The aetiology of the keloid scar has not been completely elucidated. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed in the past to explain the unusual characteristics of the keloid scar. While we do know that there is excessive and ongoing collagen-deposition, the exact triggering stimulus is a subject of conjecture. We present some of our photographic records of keloids and electron microscopic findings of keloid edges and reiterate the sebum hypothesis. We also attempt to explain the features of keloids in the light of the present knowledge of immunology and cell biology.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autoantigens/immunology*
  14. Fulltext DNA methylation mediates genotype and smoking interaction in the development of anti-citrullinated peptide antibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis
    Meng W, Zhu Z, Jiang X, Too CL, Uebe S, Jagodic M, et al.
    Arthritis Res Ther, 2017 03 29;19(1):71.
    PMID: 28356135 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1276-2
    BACKGROUND: Multiple factors, including interactions between genetic and environmental risks, are important in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether DNA methylation can mediate the interaction between genotype and smoking in the development of anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA)-positive RA.

    METHODS: We investigated the gene-smoking interactions in DNA methylation using 393 individuals from the Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA). The interaction between rs6933349 and smoking in the risk of developing ACPA-positive RA was further evaluated in a larger portion of the EIRA (1119 controls and 944 ACPA-positive patients with RA), and in the Malaysian Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (MyEIRA) (1556 controls and 792 ACPA-positive patients with RA). Finally, mediation analysis was performed to investigate whether DNA methylation of cg21325723 mediates this gene-environment interaction on the risk of developing of ACPA-positive RA.

    RESULTS: We identified and replicated one significant gene-environment interaction between rs6933349 and smoking in DNA methylation of cg21325723. This gene-smoking interaction is a novel interaction in the risk of developing ACPA-positive in both Caucasian (multiplicative P value = 0.056; additive P value = 0.016) and Asian populations (multiplicative P value = 0.035; additive P value = 0.00027), and it is mediated through DNA methylation of cg21325723.

    CONCLUSIONS: We showed that DNA methylation of cg21325723 can mediate the gene-environment interaction between rs6933349 and smoking, impacting the risk of developing ACPA-positive RA, thus being a potential regulator that integrates both internal genetic and external environmental risk factors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autoantigens/immunology
  15. Allicin has significant effect on autoimmune anti-islet cell antibodies in type 1 diabetic rats
    Osman M, Adnan A, Salmah Bakar N, Alashkham F
    Pol J Pathol, 2012 Dec;63(4):248-54.
    PMID: 23359194 DOI: 10.5114/pjp.2012.32772
    The research purpose was to experimentally investigate the effect of allicin administration on the levels of main type 1 diabetes (IDDM) autoantibodies which are anti-islet cell antibodies (ICA) with an attempt to find a relation between this immunological effect and histological and/or biochemical findings. We have evaluated, with the help of ELISA kits, the levels of ICA and serum insulin in male Sprague-Dawley rats with Streptozotocin-induced IDDM in addition to pancreatic histological findings. The four groups (6 rats each) under study received or not different intraperitoneal doses of allicin for a period of 30 days. Daily intraperitoneal administration of allicin (either at as low dose of 8 mg/kg or high dose of 16 mg/kg) for up to 30 days to type 1 diabetic rats effectively reduces levels of anti-islet cell antibodies and in addition, reduced the level of insulin due to damaged Langerhans islet cell was significantly increased in the serum due to a repairing tissue process in pancreatic tissues. These experimental results suggest that allicin treatment has a therapeutic protective effect against autoimmune reactions occurring in IDDM. The data may provide new strategies for using allicin to be recommended as an excellent candidate in the clinical management, control, and prevention of IDDM.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autoantigens/immunology
  16. Fulltext Increased Expression of Phosphorylated FADD in Anaplastic Large Cell and Other T-Cell Lymphomas
    Patel S, Murphy D, Haralambieva E, Abdulla ZA, Wong KK, Chen H, et al.
    Biomark Insights, 2014;9:77-84.
    PMID: 25232277 DOI: 10.4137/BMI.S16553
    FAS-associated protein with death domain (FADD) is a major adaptor protein involved in extrinsic apoptosis, embryogenesis, and lymphocyte homeostasis. Although abnormalities of the FADD/death receptor apoptotic pathways have been established in tumorigenesis, fewer studies have analyzed the expression and role of phosphorylated FADD (pFADD). Our identification of FADD as a lymphoma-associated autoantigen in T-cell lymphoma patients raises the possibility that pFADD, with its correlation with cell cycle, may possess role(s) in human T-cell lymphoma development. This immunohistochemical study investigated pFADD protein expression in a range of normal tissues and lymphomas, particularly T-cell lymphomas that require improved therapies. Whereas pFADD was expressed only in scattered normal T cells, it was detected at high levels in T-cell lymphomas (eg, 84% anaplastic large cell lymphoma and 65% peripheral T cell lymphomas, not otherwise specified). The increased expression of pFADD supports further study of its clinical relevance and role in lymphomagenesis, highlighting phosphorylation of FADD as a potential therapeutic target.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autoantigens
  17. Antiphospholipid antibody and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
    Sugai S
    Curr Opin Rheumatol, 1992 Oct;4(5):666-71.
    PMID: 1419500
    Over the past year, many reports have been published on a variety of clinical manifestations related to antiphospholipid antibodies. The low prevalence of anticardiolipin antibodies with the rare occurrence of thrombosis and a low rate of fetal loss in studies in Malaysia and China showed a potential role for local factors. A study of cross-reactive idiotype of the anticardiolipin antibody suggested that anticardiolipin antibodies are derived from a set of natural autoreactive clones. Regarding the pathogenic role of the antiphospholipid antibody, evidence has been presented that the epitopes formed between cardiolipin and beta 2 glycoprotein I are the targets of the antiphospholipid antibody. Complement activation, abnormalities of natural anticoagulants such as protein S deficiency, and genetic association with DR4, DR7, and DRw53 have also been studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autoantigens
  18. Identification of a functional variant in SPLUNC1 associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma susceptibility among Malaysian Chinese
    Yew PY, Mushiroda T, Kiyotani K, Govindasamy GK, Yap LF, Teo SH, et al.
    Mol Carcinog, 2012 Oct;51 Suppl 1:E74-82.
    PMID: 22213098 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21857
    Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a multifactorial and polygenic disease with high incidence in Asian countries. Epstein-Barr virus infection, environmental and genetic factors are believed to be involved in the tumorigenesis of NPC. The association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LPLUNC1 and SPLUNC1 genes with NPC was investigated by performing a two-stage case control association study in a Malaysian Chinese population. The initial screening consisted of 81 NPC patients and 147 healthy controls while the replication study consisted of 366 NPC patients and 340 healthy controls. The combined analysis showed that a SNP (rs2752903) of SPLUNC1 was significantly associated with the risk of NPC (combined P = 0.00032, odds ratio = 1.62, 95% confidence interval = 1.25-2.11). In the subsequent dense fine mapping of SPLUNC1 locus, 36 SNPs in strong linkage disequilibrium with rs2752903 (r(2) ≥ 0.85) were associated with NPC susceptibility. Screening of these variants by electrophoretic mobility shift and luciferase reporter assays showed that rs1407019 located in intron 3 (r(2)  = 0.994 with rs2752903) caused allelic difference in the binding of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) transcription factor and affected luciferase activity. This SNP may consequently alter the expression of SPLUNC1 in the epithelial cells. In summary, our study suggested that rs1407019 in intronic enhancer of SPLUNC1 is associated with NPC susceptibility in which its A allele confers an increased risk of NPC in the Malaysian Chinese population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Autoantigens
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