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Measurement of nutritional status using conventional anthropometry and D2O in Sarawak, Malaysia

Wells JC, Strickland SS

Eur J Clin Nutr, 1996 Oct;50(10):668-71.
PMID: 8909933

To evaluate the effect of different methods (plateau or back extrapolation) of calculating total body water (TBW) from deuterium dilution in an environment characterised by high water turnover. The back extrapolation model is assumed to be more accurate when water turnover is high.

Matched MeSH terms: Body Water/metabolism
Transepidermal water loss in erythrodermic patients of various aetiologies

Mohd Noor N, Hussein SH

Skin Res Technol, 2013 Aug;19(3):320-3.
PMID: 23530728 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12048

Despite its severity not much work has been done to explore the barrier function in patients with erythroderma. This study compares TEWL between skin of healthy subjects and erythrodermic patients of various aetiologies and at different sites. We also assess TEWL between patients with acute and chronic erythroderma.

Matched MeSH terms: Body Water/metabolism*
Fulltext Catecholaminergic neurons in the comissural region of the nucleus of the solitary tract modulate hyperosmolality-induced responses

Freiria-Oliveira AH, Blanch GT, Pedrino GR, Cravo SL, Murphy D, Menani JV, et al.

Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 2015 Nov 01;309(9):R1082-91.
PMID: 26333788 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00432.2014

Noradrenergic A2 neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) have been suggested to contribute to body fluid homeostasis and cardiovascular regulation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of lesions of A2 neurons of the commissural NTS (cNTS) on the c-Fos expression in neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei, arterial pressure, water intake, and urinary excretion in rats with plasma hyperosmolality produced by intragastric 2 M NaCl (2 ml/rat). Male Holtzman rats (280-320 g) received an injection of anti-dopamine-β-hydroxylase-saporin (12.6 ng/60 nl; cNTS/A2-lesion, n = 28) or immunoglobulin G (IgG)-saporin (12.6 ng/60 nl; sham, n = 24) into the cNTS. The cNTS/A2 lesions increased the number of neurons expressing c-Fos in the magnocellular PVN in rats treated with hypertonic NaCl (90 ± 13, vs. sham: 47 ± 20; n = 4), without changing the number of neurons expressing c-Fos in the parvocellular PVN or in the SON. Contrary to sham rats, intragastric 2 M NaCl also increased arterial pressure in cNTS/A2-lesioned rats (16 ± 3, vs. sham: 2 ± 2 mmHg 60 min after the intragastric load; n = 9), an effect blocked by the pretreatment with the vasopressin antagonist Manning compound (0 ± 3 mmHg; n = 10). In addition, cNTS/A2 lesions enhanced hyperosmolality-induced water intake (10.5 ± 1.4, vs. sham: 7.7 ± 0.8 ml/60 min; n = 8-10), without changing renal responses to hyperosmolality. The results suggest that inhibitory mechanisms dependent on cNTS/A2 neurons reduce water intake and vasopressin-dependent pressor response to an acute increase in plasma osmolality.

Matched MeSH terms: Body Water/metabolism*
Comparison of transepidermal water loss and skin hydration in diabetics and nondiabetics

Lai CCK, Md Nor N, Kamaruddin NA, Jamil A, Safian N

Clin Exp Dermatol, 2021 Jan;46(1):58-64.
PMID: 32619023 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14363

BACKGROUND: Pruritus is common in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and may lead to complex dermatological conditions if left untreated. Pruritus can be caused by increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and reduced skin hydration.
AIMS: To compare TEWL and skin hydration in patients with DM and controls, and to investigate associations between TEWL and skin hydration with glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood sugar (FBS), treatment, peripheral neuropathy (PN) and age in patients with diabetes.
METHODS: This was a prospective, case-control study carried out at a tertiary medical centre in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. TEWL and skin hydration measurements were taken at six different body sites in both groups.
RESULTS: In total, 146 patients (73 cases, 73 controls) were included (24 men and 49 women in each group). No significant difference in TEWL or skin hydration was seen between patients with DM and controls, but there were significant reductions in skin hydration in patients with DM who had FBS > 7 mmol/L (P 6.5% (P 1 U/kg/day (P 45 years old, there was a significant reduction in TEWL (P = 0.04) and hydration (P 8 mmol/L and increased in patients with higher insulin requirement.

Matched MeSH terms: Body Water/metabolism*