MyMedR

Fluoroquinolones for treating tuberculosis

Ziganshina LE, Vizel AA, Squire SB

Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2005.

Fluoroquinolones are sometimes used to treat multiple-drug-resistant and drug-sensitive tuberculosis. The effects of fluoroquinolones in tuberculosis regimens need to be assessed.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluoroquinolones/therapeutic use*

The antibacterial activity of fluoroquinolone derivatives: An update (2018-2021)

Jia Y, Zhao L

Eur J Med Chem, 2021 Nov 15;224:113741.

PMID: 34365130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113741

Bacterial infection is amongst the most common diseases in community and hospital settings. Fluoroquinolones, exerting the antibacterial activity through binding to type II bacterial topoisomerase enzymes, DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, are mainstays of chemotherapy. At present, fluoroquinolones are the most valuable antibacterial agents used popularly. However, the emergence of more virulent and resistant pathogens by the development of either mutated DNA-binding proteins or efflux pump mechanism for fluoroquinolones results in an urgent demand to develop new fluoroquinolones to withstand the drug resistance and to obtain a broader spectrum of activity. This review aims to outline the recent advances of fluoroquinolone derivatives with antibacterial potential and to summarize the structure-activity relationship (SAR) so as to provide an insight for rational design of more active candidates, covering articles published between January 2018 and June 2021.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluoroquinolones/therapeutic use*

Fulltext Conjunctival necrosis following a subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone acetonide in a child

Chong YJ, Wong CK, Shatriah I

Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol, 2015 Jan-Mar;22(1):125-8.

PMID: 25624689 DOI: 10.4103/0974-9233.148364

Conjunctival necrosis is a rare complication following periocular/intraocular triamcinolone acetonide injection and has been reported extensively in adults. We describe a child who developed conjunctival necrosis following subconjunctival injection of triamcinolone acetonide for severe chronic anterior uveitis. Prompt diagnosis and management of this uncommon condition is vital.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluoroquinolones/therapeutic use

Molecular Detection of Helicobacter pylori and its Antimicrobial Resistance in Brazzaville, Congo

Ontsira Ngoyi EN, Atipo Ibara BI, Moyen R, Ahoui Apendi PC, Ibara JR, Obengui O, et al.

Helicobacter, 2015 Aug;20(4):316-20.

PMID: 25585658 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12204

Helicobacter pylori infection is involved in several gastroduodenal diseases which can be cured by antimicrobial treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection and its bacterial resistance to clarithromycin, fluoroquinolones, and tetracycline in Brazzaville, Congo, by using molecular methods.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluoroquinolones/therapeutic use

Fulltext Role of prophylactic antibiotics in cirrhotic patients with variceal bleeding

Lee YY, Tee HP, Mahadeva S

World J Gastroenterol, 2014 Feb 21;20(7):1790-6.

PMID: 24587656 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i7.1790

Bacterial infections are common in cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding, occurring in 20% within 48 h. Outcomes including early rebleeding and failure to control bleeding are strongly associated with bacterial infection. However, mortality from variceal bleeding is largely determined by the severity of liver disease. Besides a higher Child-Pugh score, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are particularly susceptible to infections. Despite several hypotheses that include increased use of instruments, greater risk of aspiration pneumonia and higher bacterial translocation, it remains debatable whether variceal bleeding results in infection or vice versa but studies suggest that antibiotic prophylaxis prior to endoscopy and up to 8 h is useful in reducing bacteremia and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Aerobic gram negative bacilli of enteric origin are most commonly isolated from cultures, but more recently, gram positives and quinolone-resistant organisms are increasingly seen, even though their clinical significance is unclear. Fluoroquinolones (including ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin) used for short term (7 d) have the most robust evidence and are recommended in most expert guidelines. Short term intravenous cephalosporin (especially ceftriaxone), given in a hospital setting with prevalent quinolone-resistant organisms, has been shown in studies to be beneficial, particularly in high risk patients with advanced cirrhosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluoroquinolones/therapeutic use

Fulltext Fluoroquinolones resistance in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Pakistan and suitability of guidelines recommended standardized regimen

Ahmad N, Khan AH, Syed Sulaiman SA, Javaid A

Int J Mycobacteriol, 2015 09;4(3):258-9.

PMID: 27649876 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2015.05.012

Matched MeSH terms: Fluoroquinolones/therapeutic use*

Fulltext Mycoplasma genitalium in Singapore is associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection and displays high macrolide and Fluoroquinolone resistance rates

Hart T, Tang WY, Mansoor SAB, Chio MTW, Barkham T

BMC Infect Dis, 2020 Apr 28;20(1):314.

PMID: 32345231 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05019-1

BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma genitalium is an emerging sexually transmitted infection, with increasing rates of resistance to fluroquinolones and macrolides, the recommended treatments. Despite this, M. genitalium is not part of routine screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) in many countries and the prevalence of infection and patterns of disease remain to be determined in many populations. Such data is of particular importance in light of the reported rise in antibiotic resistance in M. genitalium isolates.

METHODS: Urine and urethral swab samples were collected from the primary public sexual health clinic in Singapore and tested for C. trachomatis (CT) or N. gonorrhoeae (NG) infection and for the presence of M. genitalium. Antibiotic resistance in M. genitalium strains detected was determined by screening for genomic mutations associated with macrolide and fluroquinolone resistance.

RESULTS: We report the results of a study into M. genitalium prevalence at the national sexual health clinic in Singapore. M. genitalium was heavily associated with CT infection (8.1% of cases), but present in only of 2.4% in CT negative cases and not independently linked to NG infection. Furthermore, we found high rates of resistance mutations to both macrolides (25%) and fluoroquinolones (37.5%) with a majority of resistant strains being dual-resistant. Resistance mutations were only found in strains from patients with CT co-infection.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results support targeted screening of CT positive patients for M. genitalium as a cost-effective strategy to reduce the incidence of M. genitalium in the absence of comprehensive routine screening. The high rate of dual resistance also highlights the need to ensure the availability of alternative antibiotics for the treatment of multi-drug resistant M. genitalium isolates.

Matched MeSH terms: Fluoroquinolones/therapeutic use

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