MyMedR

Covell G

Br Med J, 1960;1:1623-1624.

Matched MeSH terms: London

Body image and personality among British men: associations between the Big Five personality domains, drive for muscularity, and body appreciation

Benford K, Swami V

Body Image, 2014 Sep;11(4):454-7.

PMID: 25113287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.07.004

The present study examined associations between the Big Five personality domains and measures of men's body image. A total of 509 men from the community in London, UK, completed measures of drive for muscularity, body appreciation, the Big Five domains, and subjective social status, and provided their demographic details. The results of a hierarchical regression showed that, once the effects of participant body mass index (BMI) and subjective social status had been accounted for, men's drive for muscularity was significantly predicted by Neuroticism (β=.29). In addition, taking into account the effects of BMI and subjective social status, men's body appreciation was significantly predicted by Neuroticism (β=-.35) and Extraversion (β=.12). These findings highlight potential avenues for the development of intervention approaches based on the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and body image.

Matched MeSH terms: London

Sexuality and the drive for muscularity: evidence of associations among British men

Swami V, Diwell R, McCreary DR

Body Image, 2014 Sep;11(4):543-6.

PMID: 25201097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.08.008

Previous studies have documented associations between sexuality and body image, but the directionality of this association is unclear among men. This study examined whether men's drive for muscularity can be considered a correlate of their sexuality. A community-based sample of 292 heterosexual men from London, UK, completed a survey consisting of measures of drive for muscularity, sociosexuality, sexual assertiveness, sexual esteem, and sexual sensation seeking. A multiple regression analysis showed that greater drive for muscularity was predicted by more unrestricted sociosexuality (i.e., a greater proclivity for short-term, transient relationships), greater sexual sensation seeking, and greater sexual assertiveness, once the effects of participant age and body mass index had been accounted for. Possible avenues for intervention based on a sex-positive approach are discussed in conclusion.

Matched MeSH terms: London

Social dominance orientation predicts drive for muscularity among British men

Swami V, Neofytou RV, Jablonska J, Thirlwell H, Taylor D, McCreary DR

Body Image, 2013 Sep;10(4):653-6.

PMID: 23954197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.07.007

The present study tested the hypothesis that men's drive for muscularity would be associated with their valuation of domination, power, status, and aggression over others. A community sample of 359 men from London, UK, completed measures of drive for muscularity, social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, trait aggression, and need for power, as well as their demographic details. Bivariate correlations showed that greater drive for muscularity was significantly correlated with most of the measures and their subscales. However, in a multiple regression analysis, the only significant predictor of drive for muscularity was support for group-based dominance hierarchies (Adj. R(2)=.17). These results suggest that men's drive for muscularity is associated with a socio-political ideology that favours social dominance.

Matched MeSH terms: London

Negative body image and eating disorder symptomatology among young women identifying with goth subculture

Swami V

Body Image, 2017 Jun;21:30-33.

PMID: 28285176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.02.001

The present study compared the rates of negative body image and risk for disordered eating in young women who identify as part of goth subculture and a matched sample. Participants were 80 women who identified as part of goth subculture and a matched sample of 82 women from London, United Kingdom. Participants completed measures of self-ideal body size discrepancy, body appreciation, appearance investment, and eating disorder symptomatology. Between-group comparisons indicated that goth women reported significantly higher drive for thinness (d=0.51), body dissatisfaction (d=0.62), and dysfunctional appearance investment (d=0.52), as well as lower body appreciation (d=0.55), than the matched sample. Heightened expectations about appearance and self-presentation, alongside appearance competitiveness, may result in more negative body image and disordered eating in young women who identify with goth subculture, but further research is necessary on this under-studied youth subculture.

Matched MeSH terms: London/epidemiology

Masculinities and ethnicities: Ethnic differences in drive for muscularity in British men and the negotiation of masculinity hierarchies

Swami V

Br J Psychol, 2016 Aug;107(3):577-92.

PMID: 26592864 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12162

Although relatively little is known about ethnic differences in men's drive for muscularity, recent theoretical developments suggest that ethnic minority men may desire greater muscularity to contest their positions of relative subordinate masculinity. This study tested this hypothesis in a sample of 185 White, 180 Black British, and 182 South Asian British men. Participants completed self-report measures of drive for muscularity, need for power, adherence to traditional cultural values, and ethnic group affiliation. Taking into account between-group differences in body mass index, results indicated that White men had significantly lower drive for muscularity than Black and South Asian men, who were not significantly different from each other. In addition, greater need for power was significantly associated with higher drive for muscularity in ethnic minority, but not White, men. Greater adherence to traditional cultural values, but not ethnic group affiliation, was associated with lower drive for muscularity in all ethnic groups. These results suggest that ethnic minority men may desire greater muscularity as a means of negotiating masculinity and attendant ideals of appearance.

Matched MeSH terms: London

Is the hijab protective? An investigation of body image and related constructs among British Muslim women

Swami V, Miah J, Noorani N, Taylor D

Br J Psychol, 2014 Aug;105(3):352-63.

PMID: 25040005 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12045

Previous studies have reported equivocal findings concerning the impact of wearing a hijab, or Islamic head- and body-cover, on Muslim women's body image. Here, we sought to examine that impact using a larger sample of Muslim women than has been relied upon and a wider range of body image measures. A total of 587 British Muslim women completed a battery of scales assessing their frequency and conservativeness of hijab use, body image variables, attitudes towards the media and beauty ideals, importance of appearance, and religiosity. Preliminary results indicated that 218 women never used the hijab and 369 women used some form of the hijab at least rarely. Controlling for religiosity, women who wore the hijab had more positive body image, lower internalization of media messages about beauty standards, and placed less importance on appearance than women who did not wear the hijab. Among women who wore the hijab, hijab use significantly predicted weight discrepancy and body appreciation over and above religiosity. These results are discussed in terms of the possible protective impact among British Muslim women of wearing the hijab.

Matched MeSH terms: London/ethnology

Forecasting asthma-related hospital admissions in London using negative binomial models

Soyiri IN, Reidpath DD, Sarran C

Chron Respir Dis, 2013 May;10(2):85-94.

PMID: 23620439 DOI: 10.1177/1479972313482847

Health forecasting can improve health service provision and individual patient outcomes. Environmental factors are known to impact chronic respiratory conditions such as asthma, but little is known about the extent to which these factors can be used for forecasting. Using weather, air quality and hospital asthma admissions, in London (2005-2006), two related negative binomial models were developed and compared with a naive seasonal model. In the first approach, predictive forecasting models were fitted with 7-day averages of each potential predictor, and then a subsequent multivariable model is constructed. In the second strategy, an exhaustive search of the best fitting models between possible combinations of lags (0-14 days) of all the environmental effects on asthma admission was conducted. Three models were considered: a base model (seasonal effects), contrasted with a 7-day average model and a selected lags model (weather and air quality effects). Season is the best predictor of asthma admissions. The 7-day average and seasonal models were trivial to implement. The selected lags model was computationally intensive, but of no real value over much more easily implemented models. Seasonal factors can predict daily hospital asthma admissions in London, and there is a little evidence that additional weather and air quality information would add to forecast accuracy.

Matched MeSH terms: London

The relationship between traumatic dental injuries and adolescents' non-suicidal self-injury behaviour: A cross-sectional analysis of an East London cohort

Mohd Yani AAB, Marcenes W, Stansfeld SA, Bernabé E

Dent Traumatol, 2023 Apr;39(2):173-178.

PMID: 36409280 DOI: 10.1111/edt.12806

BACKGROUND/AIM: Recent reviews of case reports have pointed out a potential connection between non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and traumatic dental injuries (TDIs). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a history of NSSI with TDIs in 15- to 16-year-old adolescents.

METHODS: This study analysed cross-sectional data from the Research with East London Adolescents Community Health Survey, a prospective population survey of adolescents attending state schools in East London, England. The history of NSSI was obtained using two items from the Lifestyle and Coping questionnaire (whether they have ever engaged with self-harm and the last time they engaged in such behaviours). The presence of TDIs, increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage were determined through clinical assessments by two trained dentists. Survey logistic regression was fitted to test the association of NSSI with TDIs. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for socio-demographic and clinical characteristics as potential confounders.

RESULTS: The lifetime and last-year prevalence of NSSI were 11.9% and 6.7%, respectively, whereas the prevalence of TDIs was 16.5%. Neither the lifetime prevalence of NSSI (OR: 1.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.56-1.85) nor the last-year prevalence of NSSI (OR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.36-1.61) were associated with TDIs in regression models adjusted for confounders.

CONCLUSION: This study did not support an association between history of NSSI and TDIs among adolescents aged 15-16 years old in East London.

Matched MeSH terms: London/epidemiology

Otitis media - how the family physician should manage

Ong CC

Family Physician, 2001;11:27-29.

Otitis media is a common disease presenting to family practitioners all over the world. There have been many changes in the way these patients were managed over the years. This article attempts to provide an overview to family physicians regarding the latest approach in managing this common condition. Keywords: Otitis, otitis media, otoscopy, eardrops.

Matched MeSH terms: London

Control of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: recent developments

Ilina I

Family Physician, 1993;5:37-41.

Matched MeSH terms: London

The ravage of psoriasis in a young man

Kader NM

Family Physician, 1993;5:32-33.

Matched MeSH terms: London

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and total nail loss caused by clindamycin

Kader NM

Family Physician, 1993;5:33-34.

A case of Stevens-Johnson syndrome induced by clindamycin resulting in total shedding of all the nails is reported to highlight the rarity and severity of the drug reaction.

Matched MeSH terms: London

AIDS in pregnancy - the growing threat

Ravi C

Family Physician, 1991;3:33-38.

Matched MeSH terms: London

Keratoplasty

Chidambaram S

Family Physician, 1994;6:15-17.

Matched MeSH terms: London

Sivaraj R, Verghese I, Lai YK, Parasakthi N

Family Physician, 1994;6:18-20.

Contact lenses provide an alternative to spectacles for many people. However, the hazard of bacterial corneal ulcers exists. This article describes a soft contact lens wearer who developed a bacterial corneal ulcer. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential for eradication of the infection and prevention of loss of vision.

Matched MeSH terms: London

Fulltext The Effects of Adult Ageing and Culture on the Tower of London Task

Phillips LH, Lawrie L, Schaefer A, Tan CY, Yong MH

Front Psychol, 2021;12:631458.

PMID: 33692728 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631458

Planning ability is important in everyday functioning, and a key measure to assess the preparation and execution of plans is the Tower of London (ToL) task. Previous studies indicate that older adults are often less accurate than the young on the ToL and that there may be cultural differences in performance on the task. However, potential interactions between age and culture have not previously been explored. In the current study we examined the effects of age on ToL performance in an Asian culture (Malaysia) and a Western culture (British) (n = 191). We also explored whether working memory, age, education, and socioeconomic status explained variance in ToL performance across these two cultures. Results indicated that age effects on ToL performance were greater in the Malaysian sample. Subsequent moderated mediation analysis revealed differences between the two cultures (British vs Malaysians), in that the age-related variance in ToL accuracy was accounted for by WM capacity at low and medium education levels only in the Malaysian sample. Demographic variables could not explain additional variance in ToL speed or accuracy. These results may reflect cultural differences in the familiarity and cognitive load of carrying out complex planning tasks.

Matched MeSH terms: London

Fulltext Genome Sequence of Parvimonas micra Strain A293, Isolated from an Abdominal Abscess from a Patient in the United Kingdom

Ang MY, Dymock D, Tan JL, Thong MH, Tan QK, Wong GJ, et al.

Genome Announc, 2013;1(6).

PMID: 24309744 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01025-13

Parvimonas micra is an important oral microbe that has the ability to grow and proliferate within oral biofilms and is involved in periodontal disease, leading to gingival bleeding, gingival recession, alveolar bone loss, and tooth mobility. However, occasionally these normally oral pathogens can cause infections at other sites in the body. We present the genome sequence of Parvimonas micra strain A293, a smooth Parvimonas micra strain isolated from an abdominal abscess from a patient at Barts Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Matched MeSH terms: London

Fulltext Giant reactions to tuberculin in lepromatous leprosy patients

Waters MFR, Stanford JL

Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis., 1985 Dec;53(4):546-53.

PMID: 4086918

A detailed account and definition is given of the previously inadequately described "giant reactions" to tuberculin occasionally seen in leprosy patients. The reaction is an accelerated and exaggerated response to species-specific antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis found in both PPD and New tuberculin. Our studies were performed in Malaysia, Uganda, Spain, and England. There was a significantly higher incidence of the phenomenon in Malaysia than in the other centers, but this may have been because there alone previously untreated lepromatous (LL and BL) patients were serially tested for up to three years after starting chemotherapy. Of the 28 patients exhibiting giant reactions, 27 occurred among lepromatous patients (24 LL and 3 BL), of which only 3 (1 LL and 2 BL) were untreated. One treated BL patient had developed, and one untreated BL patient was a family contact of, active tuberculosis. Giant reactions are uncommon in untreated and in very long-term treated LL patients, but may occur in up to a fifth of those receiving their first 1-3 years of chemotherapy. Although the mechanism is not yet understood, it appears to be a coincidence of delayed hypersensitivity of the tuberculin type and a less-delayed phenomenon of excessive local edema associated with local lymphadenopathy and short-lasting symptoms of malaise and pyrexia. It is suggested that the majority of giant reactions occur during a period of temporary lack of immune regulation associated with changing levels of antigenic load.

Matched MeSH terms: London

Forecasting peak asthma admissions in London: an application of quantile regression models

Soyiri IN, Reidpath DD, Sarran C

Int J Biometeorol, 2013 Jul;57(4):569-78.

PMID: 22886344 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-012-0584-0

Asthma is a chronic condition of great public health concern globally. The associated morbidity, mortality and healthcare utilisation place an enormous burden on healthcare infrastructure and services. This study demonstrates a multistage quantile regression approach to predicting excess demand for health care services in the form of asthma daily admissions in London, using retrospective data from the Hospital Episode Statistics, weather and air quality. Trivariate quantile regression models (QRM) of asthma daily admissions were fitted to a 14-day range of lags of environmental factors, accounting for seasonality in a hold-in sample of the data. Representative lags were pooled to form multivariate predictive models, selected through a systematic backward stepwise reduction approach. Models were cross-validated using a hold-out sample of the data, and their respective root mean square error measures, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values compared. Two of the predictive models were able to detect extreme number of daily asthma admissions at sensitivity levels of 76 % and 62 %, as well as specificities of 66 % and 76 %. Their positive predictive values were slightly higher for the hold-out sample (29 % and 28 %) than for the hold-in model development sample (16 % and 18 %). QRMs can be used in multistage to select suitable variables to forecast extreme asthma events. The associations between asthma and environmental factors, including temperature, ozone and carbon monoxide can be exploited in predicting future events using QRMs.

Matched MeSH terms: London/epidemiology

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 42 in total