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Murder and robbery by vehicular impact: true vehicular homicide

Nadesan K

Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 2000 Jun;21(2):107-13.
PMID: 10871122

True vehicular homicides are defined as those occurrences in which a motor vehicle is intentionally used as a weapon in taking of a life. A case is presented in which the deceased was traveling in the front passenger seat of a motor car that was deliberately rammed by a heavy jeep that came in the opposite direction, resulting in a serious frontal collision. Immediately after the impact, while the occupants of the car were lying in a dazed condition, the two persons riding in the jeep escaped with a bag containing money that was in the car, leaving the jeep behind. The impact mainly involved the driver's sides of both vehicles. The driver of the car sustained serious injuries but was found to be alive, whereas the front-seat passenger, who did not show any serious external injuries, was found to be in a collapsed state and was pronounced dead on admission to the hospital within 30 minutes of the accident. The autopsy revealed that death was caused by closed hemopericardium from a ruptured right atrium. The evaluation of the external and internal injuries confirmed that the fatal injury and a few serious internal injuries were caused by the seat belt (tertiary-impact injuries). The ruptured right atrium was attributed to blunt abdominal trauma by impacting against the lap belt. The case was a true vehicular homicide in which a motor vehicle had been used as a weapon to kill a person. Various aspects pertaining to road accidents, the safety of the occupants, and the advantage and disadvantage of the safety devices are discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic/legislation & jurisprudence*
The business man and the laboratory: standards guarantee profits

Hamer JW

Malays J Pathol, 1997 Dec;19(2):99-103.
PMID: 10879248
Matched MeSH terms: Licensure/legislation & jurisprudence
Patient confidentiality, ethics and licensing in telemedicine

Yadav H, Lin WY

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2001;13 Suppl:S36-8.
PMID: 12109246

Telemedicine is fast becoming popular in many countries in the world. It has several advantages such as being cost saving and providing better access to health care in the remote areas in many parts of the world. However, it has some disadvantages as well. One of the major problems is the problem of patients' rights and confidentiality in the use of telemedicine. There are no standard guidelines and procedures in the practice of telemedicine as yet. Both the patient and the physician are unsure of the standard of practice and how to maintain confidentiality. The patient is uncertain as to how to protect her/his rights in the use of telemedicine. The issue of litigation is also unclear as to where the physician is practicing when he/she uses telemedicine. Is she/he practicing in the country where the patient is or is the physician practicing in the country of her/his origin? These issues need to be addressed urgently so that telemedicine will have standards of ethical practice and the patient's rights and confidentiality will be protected.

Matched MeSH terms: Telemedicine/legislation & jurisprudence*
Feminism in Malaysia: a historical and present perspective of women's struggles in Malaysia

Ariffen R

Womens Stud Int Forum, 1999;22(4):417-23.
PMID: 22593983
Matched MeSH terms: Women's Rights/legislation & jurisprudence
Fulltext Female genital mutilation in Britain

Black JA, Debelle GD

BMJ, 1995 Jun 17;310(6994):1590-2.
PMID: 7787654
Matched MeSH terms: Child Abuse/legislation & jurisprudence*
The polygamy debate. Many women are saying that one is enough

Mitton R

Asiaweek, 1996 Dec 20.
PMID: 12291820
Matched MeSH terms: Legislation as Topic*
Malay divorce in Peninsular Malaysia: the near-disappearance of an institution

Tan PC, Jones GW

Southeast Asian J Soc Sci, 1990;18(2):85-114.
PMID: 12317142
Matched MeSH terms: Legislation as Topic*
Islamic Family Law Enactment 1987 (No. 3 of 1987), 20 May 1987

Annu Rev Popul Law, 1988;15:66.
PMID: 12289651

This Islamic Family Law Enactment of Pahang, Malaysia, is based on the model of the Islamic Family Law (Federal Territory) Act, 1984 (Annual Review of Population Law, Vol. 11, 1984, Section 250). It differs from that Law in the following major respects: 1) marriages between Muslims and non-Muslims are prohibited; 2) a wali Hakim (special guardian appointed by the Sultan) is authorized to consent to marriage if the wali (guardian) of the bride unreasonably withholds consent; 3) the grounds for divorce are fewer (failure to maintain and cruelty being omitted), although there is a general provision allowing divorce for any ground that is recognized as valid by Islamic law; 4) a son is to be maintained until the age of 15, not 18; and 5) a religious court, rather than a civil court, may order a putative father to maintain his illegitimate child.

Matched MeSH terms: Legislation as Topic*
Forfeiture of proceeds of drug-related crimes: a British Commonwealth perspective

Chatterjee SK

Bull Narc, 1983 Apr-Jun;35(2):3-19.
PMID: 6556074

The forfeiture of the proceeds of drug-related offences does not seem to have received much attention as yet from British Commonwealth countries. Whereas in some of these countries specific legislation exists in relation to forfeiture, in many other countries the act of forfeiture falls within the purview of general criminal law. Forfeiture presupposes enquiry and search, two procedures which involve integral aspects of present-day human rights law, and which seem to be impeded at almost every stage of the process concluding in forfeiture. Time and the procedure for execution of judgments seem to be two significant factors in the successful enforcement of forfeiture judgments. Unfortunately, given the present practice of maintaining inviolability of bank secrecy, effective enforcement of forfeiture judgments is not possible. Perhaps an international convention may offer some assistance in the successful implementation of a forfeiture judgment, especially where the ill-gotten gains have been transferred to a foreign jurisdiction.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug and Narcotic Control/legislation & jurisprudence*
Public Prosecutor v. Dr. Nadason Kanagalingam, 9 June 1984

Malaysia. High Court

Annu Rev Popul Law, 1987;14:39.
PMID: 12346715

The defendant, an obstetrician and gynaecologist, was accused of voluntarily causing a woman to miscarry, such miscarriage having been performed without good faith and an intention to save the woman's life. The Court upheld the conviction of the defendant, rejecting his argument, supported by an expert witness, that he had performed the abortion in order to avoid the possibility of pulmonary embolism, which might result because the woman had enlarged varicose veins. It held that the argument was not reasonable under the current law and that procuring an abortion was a serious matter to be done only as a last resort to save the life of a woman or to save her from becoming a mental "wreck."

Matched MeSH terms: Legislation as Topic*
Smoking in Malaysia: promotion and control

Teoh SK

World Smoking Health, 1984;9(2):27-30.
PMID: 12179603
Matched MeSH terms: Legislation as Topic*
Summary of an eleven-country study of socio-legal measures to combat drug abuse and related crime

Asuni T, Bruno F

Bull Narc, 1984 Jul-Sep;36(3):3-8.
PMID: 6570650

In a comparative study of a group of experimental and control subjects in Argentina, Brazil, Costa Rica, Japan, Jordan, Italy, Malaysia, Singapore and the United States of America (State of New York), and of the results of independent studies conducted in Sweden and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, a rather close association was found to exist between drug abuse, criminal behaviour and social attitudes to such problems. Both drug abuse and the socio-legal systems varied greatly in the countries involved. No correlation was found between the level of foreseen or actual harshness of the socio-legal system and the level of seriousness of drug abuse and its associated criminality, but there was a significant correlation between knowledge of the law and the efficacy of the socio-legal system. In each country informal control systems, such as the family, church, school, neighbourhood and work environment, were active. Approximately one half of the subjects that were interviewed from countries with the most punitive socio-legal systems perceived informal controls as harsh and punitive while in the other countries such controls were generally perceived as positive. The study encouraged the review, testing and implementation of alternative measures to penal sanctions, particularly with a view to creating a genuine therapeutic approach to correcting the deviant behaviour of drug abusers.

Matched MeSH terms: Drug and Narcotic Control/legislation & jurisprudence*
Categorizing the telehealth policy response of countries and their implications for complementarity of telehealth policy

Varghese S, Scott RE

Telemed J E Health, 2004;10(1):61-9.
PMID: 15104917

Developing countries are exploring the role of telehealth to overcome the challenges of providing adequate health care services. However, this process faces disparities, and no complementarity in telehealth policy development. Telehealth has the potential to transcend geopolitical boundaries, yet telehealth policy developed in one jurisdiction may hamper applications in another. Understanding such policy complexities is essential for telehealth to realize its full global potential. This study investigated 12 East Asian countries that may represent a microcosm of the world, to determine if the telehealth policy response of countries could be categorized, and whether any implications could be identified for the development of complementary telehealth policy. The countries were Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. Three categories of country response were identified in regard to national policy support and development. The first category was "None" (Cambodia, Myanmar, and Vietnam) where international partners, driven by humanitarian concerns, lead telehealth activity. The second category was "Proactive" (China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand) where national policies were designed with the view that telehealth initiatives are a component of larger development objectives. The third was "Reactive" (Hong Kong and Japan), where policies were only proffered after telehealth activities were sustainable. It is concluded that although complementarity of telehealth policy development is not occurring, increased interjurisdictional telehealth activity, regional clusters, and concerted and coordinated effort amongst researchers, practitioners, and policy makers may alter this trend.

Matched MeSH terms: Telemedicine/legislation & jurisprudence
Fulltext COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia: Actions taken by the Malaysian government

Shah AUM, Safri SNA, Thevadas R, Noordin NK, Rahman AA, Sekawi Z, et al.

Int J Infect Dis, 2020 Aug;97:108-116.
PMID: 32497808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.05.093

BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a novel pneumonia disease originating in Wuhan, was confirmed by the World Health Organization on January 12, 2020 before becoming an outbreak in all countries.
OUTBREAK SITUATION: A stringent screening process at all airports in Malaysia was enforced after the first case outside China was reported in Thailand. Up to April 14, 2020, Malaysia had reported two waves of COVID-19 cases, with the first wave ending successfully within less than 2 months. In early March 2020, the second wave occurred, with worrying situations.
ACTIONS TAKEN: The Government of Malaysia enforced a Movement Control Order starting on March 18, 2020 to break the chain of COVID-19. The media actively spread the hashtag #stayhome. Non-governmental organizations, as well as prison inmates, started to produce personal protective equipment for frontliners. Various organizations hosted fundraising events to provide essentials mainly to hospitals. A provisional hospital was set up and collaborations with healthcare service providers were granted, while additional laboratories were assigned to enhance the capabilities of the Ministry of Health.
ECONOMIC DOWNTURN: An initial financial stimulus amounting to RM 20.0 billion was released in February 2020, before the highlighted PRIHATIN Package, amounting to RM 250 billion, was announced. The PRIHATIN Package has provided governmental support to society, covering people of various backgrounds from students and families to business owners.

Matched MeSH terms: Pandemics/legislation & jurisprudence
Developments in understanding and applying prebiotics in research and practice-an ISAPP conference paper

Scott KP, Grimaldi R, Cunningham M, Sarbini SR, Wijeyesekera A, Tang MLK, et al.

J Appl Microbiol, 2020 Apr;128(4):934-949.
PMID: 31446668 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14424

AIMS: The concept of using specific dietary components to selectively modulate the gut microbiota to confer a health benefit, defined as prebiotics, originated in 1995. In 2018, a group of scientists met at the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics annual meeting in Singapore to discuss advances in the prebiotic field, focussing on issues affecting functionality, research methodology and geographical differences.
METHODS AND RESULTS: The discussion ranged from examining scientific literature supporting the efficacy of established prebiotics, to the prospects for establishing health benefits associated with novel compounds, isolated from different sources.
CONCLUSIONS: While many promising candidate prebiotics from across the globe have been highlighted in preliminary research, there are a limited number with both demonstrated mechanism of action and defined health benefits as required to meet the prebiotic definition. Prebiotics are part of a food industry with increasing market sales, yet there are great disparities in regulations in different countries. Identification and commercialization of new prebiotics with unique health benefits means that regulation must improve and remain up-to-date so as not to risk stifling research with potential health benefits for humans and other animals.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: This summary of the workshop discussions indicates potential avenues for expanding the range of prebiotic substrates, delivery methods to enhance health benefits for the end consumer and guidance to better elucidate their activities in human studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Food Industry/legislation & jurisprudence
The role of motivational interview in the request for termination of pregnancy: A case report

Seed HF, Thong KS

Med J Malaysia, 2019 08;74(4):326-327.
PMID: 31424041

In Malaysia, induced termination of pregnancy is legal, if a registered medical practitioner is the one who terminates the pregnancy, and is acting in good faith without the risk to the life or injury to the mental health of the pregnant woman; in the event that continuation of the pregnancy is greater than the risk if the pregnancy is terminated. This case report highlights the approach of motivational interviewing in evoking a change of the behaviour of a patient wishing termination of pregnancy for psychosocial reasons.

Matched MeSH terms: Abortion, Legal/legislation & jurisprudence
Revisiting Roles of Health Technology Assessment on Drug Policy in Universal Health Coverage in Thailand: Where Are We? And What Is Next?

Tanvejsilp P, Taychakhoonavudh S, Chaikledkaew U, Chaiyakunapruk N, Ngorsuraches S

Value Health Reg Issues, 2019 May;18:78-82.
PMID: 30641410 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2018.11.004

OBJECTIVES: To describe the process, challenges, and future direction of health technology assessment (HTA), focusing on the drug selection of the National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) in Thailand.
METHODS: Literature and government documents were reviewed and analyzed by authors with experiences in HTA and drug policy in the country.
RESULTS: The structure of HTA and its process in the drug selection of the NLEM were described, followed by the outcomes of the use of HTA. Examples of lowering drug prices, as a result of price negotiation using HTA, were presented. A few examples were also provided to demonstrate how decisions were made from considering factors beyond cost-effectiveness findings. Finally, challenges on various issues including improvement of HTA structure and process were discussed for the future direction of HTA in Thailand.
CONCLUSIONS: HTA has been adopted as a tool for the drug selection of the NLEM to help Thailand achieve universal health coverage. Nevertheless, various challenges exist and need to be addressed.

Matched MeSH terms: Universal Coverage/legislation & jurisprudence
Fulltext Compliance of the Gulf Cooperation Council airlines with COVID-19 mitigation measures

Alshahrani NZ, Alshahrani SM, Alshahrani AM, Leggat PA, Rashid H

J Travel Med, 2021 02 23;28(2).
PMID: 33146380 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taaa205
Matched MeSH terms: Air Travel/legislation & jurisprudence*
IMAGE OF DENTISTRY: UNITED STATES, AMERICAS, ASIAN PACIFIC, AND UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS

HILLENBRAND H

J Am Dent Assoc, 1964 Feb;68:241-9.
PMID: 14125036
Matched MeSH terms: Legislation as Topic*
Pharmaceutical Policy Reforms to Regulate Drug Prices in the Asia Pacific Region: The Case of Australia, China, India, Malaysia, New Zealand, and South Korea

Hasan SS, Kow CS, Dawoud D, Mohamed O, Baines D, Babar ZU

Value Health Reg Issues, 2019 May;18:18-23.
PMID: 30414506 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2018.08.007

Medicine price directly affects affordability and access to medicines particularly in countries where a major portion of pharmaceutical spending is through out-of-pocket payment, such as in the Asia Pacific region. We have undertaken a detailed appraisal of the pharmaceutical policy reforms to regulate drug prices in 3 developed (Australia, New Zealand, and South Korea) and 3 emerging (China, India, and Malaysia) economies of the Asia Pacific region. Despite continuous efforts by the authorities in adopting a wide range of reformatory pharmaceutical pricing policies to ensure affordability of medicines, these policies may not be optimal where drug prices were not lowered as expected (eg, in Korea). On the contrary, considerable price reductions of various pharmaceuticals have been observed in New Zealand and India because of the reform in pharmaceutical pricing policy. This review of pharmaceutical pricing reforms reinforces the need for constant monitoring by policy makers in Asia Pacific countries to regulate drug prices and to undertake reform in pharmaceutical pricing policies when necessary to ensure affordability and access to medicines.

Matched MeSH terms: Costs and Cost Analysis/legislation & jurisprudence*

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