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Fulltext Evaluation of antioxidant compounds, antioxidant activities, and mineral composition of 13 collected purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) accessions

Alam MA, Juraimi AS, Rafii MY, Abdul Hamid A, Aslani F, Hasan MM, et al.

Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:296063.
PMID: 24579078 DOI: 10.1155/2014/296063

The methanolic extracts of 13 accessions of purslane were analyzed for their total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), and total carotenoid contents (TCC) and antioxidant activity of extracts was screened using FRAP assay and DPPH radical scavenging methods. The TPC, TFC, and TCC ranged from 0.96 ± 0.04 to 9.12 ± 0.29 mg GAE/g DW, 0.13 ± 0.04 to 1.44 ± 0.08 mg RE/g DW, and 0.52 ± 0.06 to 5.64 ± 0.09 mg (β-carotene equivalent) BCE/g DW, respectively. The DPPH scavenging (IC50) activity varied between 2.52 ± 0.03 mg/mL and 3.29 ± 0.01 mg/mL and FRAP ranged from 7.39 ± 0.08 to 104.2 ± 6.34 μmol TE/g DW. Among all the measured micro- and macrominerals K content was the highest followed by N, Na, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn, and Mn. The overall findings proved that ornamental purslane was richer in antioxidant properties, whereas common purslane possesses more mineral contents than ornamental ones.
Fulltext Resveratrol treatment modulates several antioxidant and anti-inflammatory genes expression and ameliorated oxidative stress mediated fibrosis in the kidneys of high-fat diet-fed rats

Chowdhury FI, Yasmin T, Akter R, Islam MN, Hossain MM, Khan F, et al.

Saudi Pharm J, 2022 Oct;30(10):1454-1463.
PMID: 36387333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.07.006

Objective: Resveratrol is a polyphenolic compound that possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This study evaluated the effects of resveratrol on oxidative stress, fibrosis and multiple genes regulation in the kidneys of high fat (HF) diet-fed rats.
Methods: Wistar rats were fed with HF diet for eight weeks. These rats were also treated with resveratrol for eight weeks. Finally, kidney tissue samples were isolated from all sacrificed rats. The histological changes, creatinine and uric acid levels, oxidative stress parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide, and advanced oxidation protein product (AOPP) levels were analyzed. The antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels; gene expression of inflammatory and fibrosis-related genes namely, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1), and collagen-1 were assessed. Moreover, gene expression of oxidative stress-related genes such as nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), SOD, catalase, and glutathione reductase, were also assessed.
Results: HF diet-fed rats showed increased creatinine and uric acid levels in plasma which were lowered by resveratrol treatment. The study findings also revealed that resveratrol counterbalanced the oxidative stress and prevented the expression of the inflammatory genes; restored the catalase and SOD activities followed by the up-regulation of antioxidant genes expression in the kidneys of HF diet-fed rats. HF diet caused the Nrf-2 down-regulation followed by the decreased expression of HO-1 and HO-2 genes, which was restored by resveratrol treatment. Moreover, the histological assessment showed lipotoxicity and increased fibrosis in the kidneys of HF diet-fed rats. Resveratrol prevented the kidney fibrosis probably by limiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and down-regulating TGF-β1 mediated signaling pathway.
Conclusion: In conclusion, resveratrol treatment showed beneficial effects in preventing oxidative stress and fibrosis in the kidneys of HF diet-fed rats probably by modulating the gene expression of oxidative stress and inflammation related factors and enzymes.
Fulltext Agarose-resolvable InDel markers based on whole genome re-sequencing in cucumber

Adedze YMN, Lu X, Xia Y, Sun Q, Nchongboh CG, Alam MA, et al.

Sci Rep, 2021 02 16;11(1):3872.
PMID: 33594240 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83313-x

Insertion and Deletion (InDel) are common features in genomes and are associated with genetic variation. The whole-genome re-sequencing data from two parents (X1 and X2) of the elite cucumber (Cucumis sativus) hybrid variety Lvmei No.1 was used for genome-wide InDel polymorphisms analysis. Obtained sequence reads were mapped to the genome reference sequence of Chinese fresh market type inbred line '9930' and gaps conforming to InDel were pinpointed. Further, the level of cross-parents polymorphism among five pairs of cucumber breeding parents and their corresponding hybrid varieties were used for evaluating hybrid seeds purity test efficiency of InDel markers. A panel of 48 cucumber breeding lines was utilized for PCR amplification versatility and phylogenetic analysis of these markers. In total, 10,470 candidate InDel markers were identified for X1 and X2. Among these, 385 markers with more than 30 nucleotide difference were arbitrary chosen. These markers were selected for experimental resolvability through electrophoresis on an Agarose gel. Two hundred and eleven (211) accounting for 54.81% of markers could be validated as single and clear polymorphic pattern while 174 (45.19%) showed unclear or monomorphic genetic bands between X1 and X2. Cross-parents polymorphism evaluation recorded 68 (32.23%) of these markers, which were designated as cross-parents transferable (CPT) InDel markers. Interestingly, the marker InDel114 presented experimental transferability between cucumber and melon. A panel of 48 cucumber breeding lines including parents of Lvmei No. 1 subjected to PCR amplification versatility using CPT InDel markers successfully clustered them into fruit and common cucumber varieties based on phylogenetic analysis. It is worth noting that 16 of these markers were predominately associated to enzymatic activities in cucumber. These agarose-based InDel markers could constitute a valuable resource for hybrid seeds purity testing, germplasm classification and marker-assisted breeding in cucumber.
Fulltext Development of a New Molecular Marker for the Resistance to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus

Nevame AYM, Xia L, Nchongboh CG, Hasan MM, Alam MA, Yongbo L, et al.

Biomed Res Int, 2018;2018:8120281.
PMID: 30105248 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8120281

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) responsible for tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) causes a substantial decrease in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) yield worldwide. The use of resistant variety as a sustainable management strategy has been advocated. Tremendous progress has been made in genetically characterizing the resistance genes (R gene) in tomato. Breeding tomato for TYLCV resistance has been based mostly on Ty-3 as a race-specific resistance gene by introgression originating from wild tomato species relatives. Improvement or development of a cultivar is achievable through the use of marker-assisted selection (MAS). Therefore, precise and easy use of gene-targeted markers would be of significant importance for selection in breeding programs. The present study was undertaken to develop a new marker based on Ty-3 gene sequence that can be used for MAS in TYLCV resistant tomato breeding program. The new developed marker was named ACY. The reliability and accuracy of ACY were evaluated against those of Ty-3 linked marker P6-25 through screening of commercial resistant and susceptible tomato hybrids, and genetic segregation using F2 population derived from a commercial resistant hybrid AG208. With the use of bioinformatics and DNA sequencing analysis tools, deletion of 10 nucleotides was observed in Ty-3 gene sequence for susceptible tomato variety. ACY is a co-dominant indel-based marker that produced clear and strong polymorphic band patterns for resistant plant distinguishing it from its susceptible counterpart. The obtained result correlates with 3:1 segregation ratio of single resistant dominant gene inheritance, which depicted ACY as gene-tag functional marker. This marker is currently in use for screening 968 hybrids varieties and one thousand breeding lines of tomato varieties stocked in Jiangsu Green Port Modern Agriculture Development Company (Green Port). So far, ACY has been used to identify 56 hybrids and 51 breeding lines. These newly detected breeding lines were regarded as potential source of resistance for tomato breeding. This work exploited the sequence of Ty-3 and subsequently contributed to the development of molecular marker ACY to aid phenotypic selection. We thus recommend this marker to breeders, which is suitable for marker-assisted selection in tomato.