In Malaysia, the number of registered organ donors are relatively small in comparison to other countries. This study aimed to investigate the awareness, knowledge and practices on organ donation among public in Sarawak. A cross-sectional study was conducted in urban and rural parts of Bintulu, Sarawak. Questionnaires consisting of socio-demography (5 items), awareness (4 items), knowledge (6 items) and practice (5 items) questions were distributed using random and snowball sampling techniques. A total of 327 respondents (age = 33.27 ±10.06 years; urban area = 50.2%; male = 59.0%; Christian = 48.9%; Bumiputra Sarawak = 53.2%) were enrolled. Urban respondents have demonstrated better knowledge (definition = 24.1% vs 23.6%; treatment = 42.2% vs 41.6%; side effects = 45.2% vs 32.9%; from living donor = 80.1% vs 70.8%; from dead donor = 71.7% vs 53.4%; organs can be donated = 19.9% vs 27.3%) compared to rural respondents. Urban respondents possessed better awareness (awareness = 86.1% vs 73.9%; source of information = 39.2% vs 31.7%; need = 70.5% vs 50.3%) than their counterparts. Subsequently, urban respondents reported better practice (agree = 68.7% vs 60.2%; registered = 2.4% vs 1.2%; donate after death = 27.7% vs 25.5%; without permission = 20.5% vs 18.0%; for loved ones = 72.9% vs 64.6%) than rural respondents. Conclusion: Population in urban area are more aware, have higher knowledge and better practice regarding organ donation. Health education on organ donation should be encouraged specifically among rural residents to enhance the number of registered organ donors in Malaysia.
Quranic Reading is a compulsory assessment for Islamic Studies subject offered to Diploma and Undergraduate students at Management and Sciences University (MSU). This study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of Quranic Reading in teaching and learning (T&L) in this private university. This study was a quantitative study involving 124 students from seven programs as a sample for the study. Questionnaires were distributed at the end of the teaching and learning session for students to assess the effectiveness of this subject. Other than that, observation methods were also used throughout this study starting from February 2017 until July 2019. The results show that teaching and learning methods that had been conducted for Quranic Reading are at a satisfactory level. Besides that, it is proven that these T&L methods can help students to learn better in their al-Qur'an and tajweed rules.
Background and aim: Impression evidence found in crime scenes are used for identification. Like finger impression, foot and toe impressions are currently considered as valuable clue used for gender identity. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between gender and toe print ridge density in Bidayuh population in Malaysian Borneo, so that the findings may be applied in real crime scenes.
Materials and method: The sample collection was conducted at Sarawak state, Malaysian Borneo and recruited consented 100 males and 100 females of Bidayuh population, considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The toe impressions were collected by inking technique, following the standard procedure and five areas in five left toes and five right toes (great toe, second toe, third toe, fourth toe and little toe) were designated for analysis from each foot of the participant. The samples were analysed and calculated the toe impression ridge density using a standard magnifier. The findings were presented in the form of tables and graphs.
Results: The result shows that the ridge density of females were found to be comparatively higher than males in all five toes on both sides. The ridge density on left toes is the not the mirror image of right toes in both genders Thus right densities show bilateral asymmetry. The statistical analysis shows that maximum sex differences observed in third toe on right (t value 7.77) and left (t value 9.473) side of this study population.
Conclusion: The study concluded that ridge density in toe impression on Bidayuh population provided useful information on gender determination. Even the presence of a single toe impression is sufficient for crime scene application.
Breakfast consumption is correlated with a range of positive outcomes, namely good academic performance, appropriate nutrient intake and body mass index (BMI). However, many university students have the habits of skipping breakfast and consume insufficient amount of nutrients. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the behaviour of skipping breakfast and dietary intake with BMI among students of a private university in Shah Alam, Malaysia. A cross sectional study was performed among 200 students, using a self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographics, dietary habits and 24-hour recall food intake. The data was analysed using SPSS and Nutritionist pro software. A total of 58% students (60% male and 56% female) had the habit of breakfast skipping. The common reason of student skipping breakfast is do not have time (n = 146; 73%). Most of the respondents taking more than 2500kcal daily were overweight. The results showed no significant association (p = 0.831) between breakfast skipping and BMI. There was no significant association (p > 0.05) between covariates (socio-demography, anthropometry, intakes of protein, carbohydrate, sodium, iron and vitamin C) with BMI of students. There was significant association (p = 0.001) between dietary intake (calorie) and BMI. In conclusion, it is evidenced that the dietary intake of these students influences their BMI status, instead of the behaviour of skipping breakfast. The importance of having breakfast should be emphasised among the university students, the students should prioritise their daily nutrient intake by taking regular breakfast.
This paper tries to fathom the perceptions of very last year tourism and hospitality college students regarding their education and the extent of self-belief that infused in them to stand the future tourism industry demanding situations. The use of multivariate measures has furnished four vital elements representing the underlying dimensions of instructional education: training pleasure, learning patterns, preceding experience, and pragmatic gaining knowledge of choices. The studies have proven thrilling correlations between preceding work elements enjoy with other features schooling delight and activist studying. Further high quality and terrible correlations had been recognised between scholar demographics gender and residing arrangements and former work revel in. The study has thrown new light at the student perception and their nature of preceding paintings experience. This has given impetus to research this region because it has findings almost about college students' mastering alternatives and former paintings enjoy.
The incidence of breast cancer in Asian countries is continuously rising, with breast cancer-causing an increase in mortality among Asian women. The impact of low screening uptake is a matter of concern as in most cases, cancers have been diagnosed in the advanced stages where medical intervention is not curable but only intended to improve the quality of care. Therefore, there has been comprehensive advocacy for early detection and treatment of breast cancer as a strategy to mitigate breast cancer-related morbidity and mortality rates. This paper reviewed existing research on breast cancer screening and the factors that are associated with breast cancer screening among Asian women. The findings from numerous studies conducted in Asian countries provides evidence that the number of factors such as socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge on breast cancer, including its symptoms and risk factors as well as breast cancer screening modalities, beliefs or perceptions and barriers in terms of structural, psychological, cultural and social factors influences women's adherence to the preventive health promotive behaviour -breast cancer screening. These findings direct to the need for well-planned strategies and intervention that are culturally sensitive and specifically tailored to the needs of Asian women to successfully promote and advocate the importance of breast health, early detection of breast cancer and adoption of dynamic routine screening behaviours
Background and Aims: The estimation of standard spirometric measurements needs to measure a participant’s non-mutated standing height. Even so, as a direct consequence of physical impairment, traumatic amputation, as well as other structural deformities or neuromuscular disablement, a few patients referred for lung function assessment cannot stand. Materials and methods: The study involved 202 participants and consist of two elements that are data collection and data analysis. There were four types of data: standing height measurement, arm span measurement, sitting height measurement and predicted pulmonary function, including forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV1), which was studied based on correlational analysis. Results: The study shows a positive, linear solid correlation between arm span and standing height measure in centimetre with an R-value of 0.919. There is a positive moderate linear correlation between arm span and sitting height measure in centimetre with an R-value of 0.604. Sitting height and standing height has a positive, strong linear correlation with an R-value of 0.744. For the pulmonary function test, a positive, strong linear correlation between Forced Vital Capacity prediction using sitting height and Forced Vital Capacity prediction using standing height with an R-value of 0.710. There was a positive moderate linear correlation between Forced Expiratory Volume prediction using sitting height and Forced Expiratory Volume prediction using standing height with an R-value of 0.577. The relationship between forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume predicted value of a pulmonary function using arm span and forced vital capacity with forced expiratory volume predicted value of a pulmonary function using standing height shows a positive, strong linear correlation with forced vital capacity R-value of pulmonary function 0.950 and forced expiratory volume R-value of 0.938. Conclusion: Overall, based on the obtained results of the study, it has been proven that the arm span measurement would be the most compatible alternative measure to be used instead of standing height in the case of a patient with permanent disability or incapacitated for clinical purposes and pulmonary function test compared to sitting height.
This research aims to understand the Chinese civilisation and education in Malaysia. Terms of education. This research used research journal and book research. Chinese civilisation began with the emergence of the Xia Dynasty in the Huang He valley around 2000 Before Century (BC). Chinese civilisation has produced many achievements in various literature, science, science and technology, traditional medicine, performing arts, art and fine arts. The main philosophies in Chinese society are Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism. This Classic Verse dramatically affects the lives of Chinese people. The establishment of the education system in Malaya develop in the 19th century. The Chinese community is very concerned about education and gives great honour to the educational struggle. School - Chinese school was formed and built wherever there are Chinese communities in Malaysia.
Lignocellulose is the most abundant renewable resource naturally available with great potential for bioconversion to value-added bio-products in this case from coconut husk to reducing sugar. This study was to isolate the lignocellulose bioconversion bacteria from cow dung and termite gut for reducing sugar production. CMC and Congo red dye was used as a selective media to screen for cellulose degrading bacteria while alkaline lignin media used to screen for lignin degrading bacteria. Coconut husk was pretreated using alkaline precipitation method. The 16s rRNA sequence analysis, Gram staining, motility test, crystal formation test and penicillin sensitivity test were used to confirm the bacteria identity. The reducing sugars production was monitor using 3, 5-dinitrosalicyclic acid (DNS) method. Bacterial enzymatic hydrolysis were facilitated through fermentation of 5 locally isolated bacteria at 6 shaking regimes which were 0rpm, 50rpm, 100rpm, 150rpm, 200rpm and 250rpm and conditions were fixed at pH7.0 and temperature 25oC. The total of 39 and 28 colonies were isolated from cow dung and termite gut respectively. The isolates T10, T19, T22, T24, C19, and C37 were identified as Bacillus thuringiensis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus vireti, Bacillus anthracis, and Bacillus thuringiensis. In PC medium, 2 bacteria strains, T19 and C37 showed the highest concentration of reducing sugar production (after 18 to 20 hours) which was 1.28 g/L at 150rpm (T19) and 1.27 g/L at 200rpm (C37). While in CMC medium, T19 and C37 also showed the highest concentration of reducing sugar production which was 0.72 g/L at 150rpm (T19) and 0.70 g/L at 200rpm (C37). These bacteria demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) to degrade cellulose was shown by measuring the diameter of clearing zone signifying metabolism of cellulose and also the ability to convert both PC and CMC to reducing sugars measurable by DNS method. This study suggests that the PC resulted in higher reducing sugar production compare to CMC at 150rpm and 200rpm by E. aerogenes and B. thuringiensis which these bacteria isolated from cow dung and termite gut. Future studies on metabolic pathway and specific reducing sugar produced may be done using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis.
This study examined the long-standing question of whether a person’s position among siblings has a lasting impact on that person’s personality randomly. A total of 120 participants collected data is based on a questionnaire which was answered by the respondents. Thirty firstborns, thirty middle children, thirty lastborn, and thirty only children were recruited into this study by random sampling. The data analysis use a Spearman’s correlation test and Chi- Square test. Their personality was assessed by Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Personality Test (MBTI). Results indicated that the personality types are vary among the participants. Participants of different birth orders did not differ significantly in personality overall. However, Spearman’s correlation showed that birth order was correlated positively only with Sensing/Intuition personality with r = -0.221. It showed that the lower the order of birth, the more intuitive the person will be.
Due to the recent increase in obesity, effective nutritional strategies for weight management is needed. Because vegetables and fruits are high in water, vitamins and minerals, it is possible to reduce the density of energy, promoting satiety and reducing energy consumption by incorporating them into the diet. While few interventions have specifically mentioned the consumption of fruit and vegetables, evidence indicates advice to increase coupling the consumption of such foods with recommendations for reducing energy intake are particularly important in efficient weight management strategies. The aims of this study are therefore to assess the level of awareness and factors influencing vegetable consumption behaviour among students. This study examined the advantages of eating more vegetables and whether it can contribute to weight loss among university students, about the nutrition knowledge of the benefits of eating vegetables and the demographic factors of gender, race, age, marital status, education level, occupation and monthly income. Using the quantitative research methodology, this study explores vegetable consumption and weight loss among university students to ensure a healthy lifestyle, there is a need to educate the youth about the importance of fruit and vegetables in their diet. Findings suggest that fruits and vegetables can play an important role in weight management. Studies show that certain fruits and vegetables increase the feeling of fullness and decrease hunger. There is however limited knowledge on factors affecting the consumption of vegetables in Malaysia. It is therefore important to identify factors that increase the consumption of more vegetables that will help to lose weight.
Dermatophytosis is a widespread disease produced by pathogenic fungus particularly Trichophyton rubrum. The present study reports on the formulation and evaluation of topical gel containing Allium sativum, Curcuma longa, Andrographis paniculata and Alpinia galanga extracts for significant antifungal potential. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of single plant and combination including synergistic effects were also determined. Macrodilution method was used to determine the MIC against Trichophyton rubrum. Gel formulations were evaluated using physicochemical parameters such as color, appearance, pH, viscosity, spreadability and stability testing. Overall MIC values of extracts against Trichophyton rubrum ranged from 31.25 mg/mL to 500 mg/mL. The MIC for A. sativum, C. longa, A. paniculata and A. galanga respectively were 500mg/ml, 31.25mg/ml, 250mg/ml and 500mg/mL. However, the assessment of combinations of selected extracts showed indifferent and antagonism interactions. This study also revealed that the formulation containing C. longa showed better stability than other formulations. A. galanga gel formulation has good viscosity and spreadability making it a good candidate in the gel formulation with good efficacy as an antifungal. Thus, this herbal gel formulation showed potential used to inhibit growth of T. rubrum that can be the alternative treatment of dermatophytosis.
In a recent assessment regarding the concern towards the awareness of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it was implied that at least 1 in 200 children are diagnosed with autism (Fernell, Eriksson, & Gillberg, 2013). In Malaysia, it could possibly be said that it is a rare sight to find teaching aids or books at the physical bookstores specifically made for young children with autism, in which have their own traits in approaching matters. In this case study, a test was conducted to determine the basic counting skills based on attractive visual teaching aids for autistic children that will probably be assistance to parents. For this, a visual counting book was designed and tested by 15 autistics children at National Autism Society of Malaysia (NASOM). In hindsight, the results obtained shown that the users who participated quite adept when it comes to areas for knowledge responsiveness. However, the review highlights that an improvement is vital in this area.
Background and Aims: In every disease, there will be the triggers on the occurrences. One of them is the oxidative stress, an imbalance between free radicals such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the antioxidants. The human body manages free radicals through neutralization by the antioxidative defense mechanism, however, when excessive free radicals being produced, it will become less effective. Over 40 years of age, oxidative stress become prominent and may associated with many diseases such as neural disorders and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress can cause damage to lipids, known as lipid peroxidation, producing malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker to detect the degree of oxidative stress. Availability of oxygen (O2) is the main factor of the ROS formation, which could be indicated by haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Thus, this research is conducted to find out the correlation between Hb concentration and MDA level in healthy middle age adults.
Methods: A correlation study was conducted in a private University, Shah Alam from January 2018 until March 2018. Total 16 participants, who are MSU staffs, age between 45 and 65, with no known diseases, are selected after the consents are gained. Pearson correlation was used for statistical analysis of the data.
Results: It is found that there is a strong correlation between Hb concentration and MDA level (r: .756, p
Bakery industry in Malaysia is a very dynamic and fast-moving industry, where the use of bakery products has become common among society. The purpose of this study is to understand the behaviour of consumers as well as their purchase decision process. Two objectives of this research are to identify consumer’s behaviour towards bakery product in Section 13, Shah Alam, and to study the factors that influence consumers behaviour in their decision making. Researcher has developed a questionnaire to collect the primary data. A survey consisted of a quantitative method and the data were analysed by Statistical Package for Social Science using descriptive statistics. The data were derived from self-administrated questionnaires consisted of structured questions related. A survey is performed by involving 400 bakery consumers. The theoretical framework focusing on the developed marketing mix, consisting of product, price, place, and promotion that resulted positively, and significantly related to consumers’ behaviour in their decision making. Based on the results of this study, it show that the freshness of bakery products leads to the tendency of weekly purchase among consumers. Although consumers’ monthly income is ranging between RM1000-RM4000, the amount of RM51-RM100 as the cost of buying bakery products is considered as preferable and valuable. Moreover, consumers tend to spend their time in bakery within 20 to 30 minutes. Bagus Bakery has become the most visited bakery because of its status as the preferred convenient place with promotional offers during festive season. The most common reason of buying bakery products is determined because of the variety selection. As the study has achieved its objectives, it can be concluded that consumers are having their impression while making the decision towards bakery products during the pre-purchase and post purchase.
Bloodstains as physical and biological evidence encountered in number of crimes will provide vital information to define a type of crime and link a suspect to the scene of a crime. This research will enlighten the identification of bloodstain on different types of fabrics which were washed with detergents prior to applying Kastle-Meyer (KM) tests. All six types of fabric were stained with blood and soaked in commonly used detergents in Malaysia for a various soaking time. It is found that Dynamo detergent shows the highest percentage in removing the bloodstain from all those six fabrics. Besides, soaking time interval of 60 minutes in all detergent showed the maximum removal of bloodstains compared to 20 minutes which has minimal ability to remove bloodstains. Among all the fabrics, cotton showed the maximum percentage of bloodstain retention after washing with all the detergent. The finding of the study would help forensic investigator to trace invisible bloodstain such as in washed clothing in order to solve the crimes.
Bullying tends to happen most often in and around the school, specifically in the areas where adult supervision is little or none at all. Campaigns on bully awareness is proven unsuccessful considering the situation has been going on and keep happening. This also due to the lack of firm and indecisive action against the bully. This research will focus on encouraging the victims to participate and learn how to defend themselves against bully. By learning martial arts, the victim will be able to defend themselves independently and stop putting hopes for others to do so in their rights. The objective of this marketing campaign is to encourage the bully victims to learn martial arts in order to defend themselves. The promotional marketing items that will be distributed along with the campaign shall explain the benefits of learning martial arts and where they can sign up for the courses. The concept and design theme for the promotional items will be made suitable and appealing for the target audiences. An attractive publishing is proved effective as a promotional items since it has the ability to persuade and pique the interest of the victims in learning how to defend themselves against bully. This, in hope will slowly but surely reduce the frequency of bully.
Idiopathic scoliosis is a spinal deformity which affects patient’s self-esteem, self-image and quality of life. Surgery is offered when the curve is more than 45 degree based on its progression. The objective of this study is to determine the pre and post-surgical self-esteem, self-image and quality of life in idiopathic scoliosis patients. A cross sectional study was conducted by using Scoliosis Research Society-30 (SRS-30) self-administered patient questionnaire. There are 115 patients were recruited in this study where 35 (30.43%) male and 80 (69.6%) female patients. Age of patient ranged from 10 to 49 years old with mean age of 24.65 ± 7.704. There were 42 (36.52%) Malay patients, 40 (34.78%) Chinese patients, 25 (21.73%) Indian patients and 8 (6.96%) from other races. Results shows that self-esteem and self-image is significantly higher (r = 0.216, p=0.021) after surgery compared to before surgery. As for quality of life, physical function did not significantly change after surgery but quality of life based on psychological function and social wellbeing is significantly higher after surgery. Positive association were found between satisfaction of treatment with self-image (r = 0.713, p=0.00) and self-image with self-esteem (r = 0.216, p=0.021) and negative association found between satisfaction of treatment with self-esteem (r = - 0.210, p=0.024). In conclusion patients with idiopathic scoliosis report lower self-esteem and self-image before surgical treatment and significantly improves after surgical correction and patients are generally satisfied with their life as well as the outcome of surgical treatment.
Background and Aim: Obesity exhibits wide variety of electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities in adults. Previous researches have found different results since they tested mostly on children, adolescents, and middle aged persons. However, there’s no clear evidence of the association between obesity and ECG variables, especially in young adults. Hence, the aim of this research is to compare ECG parameters (PR interval, QRS interval, corrected QT, axis and height of P and R wave) of obese with normal BMI young adults.
Materials and method: A cross-sectional observational study was done on 38 students of a private university in Shah Alam. They were aged between 20 to 30 years, involving normal and obese persons. Anthropometric data, arterial blood pressure and standard 12-lead ECGs were collected for every participant. Independent-sample t-tests and non-parametric Mann-Whitney test were conducted to compare data of normal persons and obese persons. Pearson correlation was done to correlate ECG parameters with BMI, Weight and systolic arterial blood pressure.
Results: Heart rate, PR interval, QRS interval and QT interval of obese person were not significantly different from normal. Height of R wave in obese person is more than that of normal person (P
This study explored and identify the factors influencing students motivation and learning strategy in studying Arabic language at two public universities in Malaysia. A group of 2 students who agreed to participate in this study were all Arabic Language learners enrolled in second year Bachelor Degree over the period of 3 semesters. Data were collected from multiple sources including close observation, in-depth interview and open ended survey that were conducted on a one - on – one basis with the participants. This study demonstrated that motivation plays an important role in empowering students performances and participation in the context of mastering Arabic language in higher learning institutions.